Research on Honey Pots with regard to proofing security

Battling hackers and technological experts who use their knowledge for stealing information and hacking can always be troublesome and costly. Why waste time, effort, energy and risk losing out thousands of dollars in profits. The use of honey pots and honey tokens can eliminate the need for such risks and enhance the security of the system. Honey tokens and honey pots are not computer systems. In fact, they are software that is designed to interact with unauthorized users and counter their activity. They give you the ability to allow hackers and crackers into the system and make them feel as if they have broken into the system. They hold false data that is kept there for that malicious user to use and steal. The honey pot then actively saves all the actions performed by the unauthorized user. Using such honey pots and combining it with the data on their actions, many potential takeovers can be subdued. Several malicious invasions can be countered using such honey pots, and at the same time, the illegal user commending on his capabilities on managing to break into the company’s security. A honey pot works by trapping the actions of an intruder by setting a fallacious database that has honey pots are just software that tackles crackers intelligently without them knowing that they have been tracked. The cracker can do whatever they like with data that is as fallacious as dummy data. There is no sensitive data provided to such a cracker and the hacker’s actions will be under review all the while he is snooping around in the system. They are relatively easy to install and do not require a lot of high technological cost or monitoring. But they are highly effective in countering illegal break-ins to sensitive data. As soon as there is an access to the system through any undefined way, the honey pot gets activated and provides the user with databases that is of no use to the company and is actually in place to fool the hacker. Therefore, Mr. Lloyd, given the obvious benefits of sugar coating an illegal user and then finding the security holes that they used in breaching the system, the company should consider implementing the honey pot system. Using this we can then fix our security holes so that they can stop other crackers breaching our security again. Bibliography 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What is honey pot? a definition from Whatis.com. Retrieved March 17, 2008, from Search Security Web site: http://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid14_gci551721,00.html 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dynamic Honeypots Retrieved March 17, 2008, from Security Focus Web site: http://www.securityfocus.com/infocus/1731

‘Eve Teasing in Bangladesh’ -Causes and Remedies Essay

London, June 16 (ANI): Eve teasing in Bangladesh has taken such a heavy toll on the country’s women that the education ministry there has voted to have an â€Å"Eve Teasing Protection Day†. The announcement was made after the increasing concern over the worrying number of girls and women who have recently committed suicide in the country to escape eve teasing, a euphemism for sexual harassment. According to figures released by the Ain-O-Shalish Kendra (ASK) human rights organisation, 14 girls and women have taken their own lives over the past four months across the country as a direct result of the insults. In addition, a father and a daughter also committed suicide together – in an incident blamed by the authorities on â€Å"eve teasing†. Police say three men who publicly protested against the harassment have been killed over the past 12 weeks. Critics argue that laws, which should prohibit sexual harassment, are so poorly drafted that victims get virtually no help from the law enforcement agencies. Families of the victims are left feeling hopeless and helpless. â€Å"Some victims find suicide is the only avenue that enables them to escape this social pandemic,† the BBC quoted Sultana Kamal, executive director of ASK, as saying. â€Å"The situation is very frightening. The suicides of 14 girls are an alarming sign of the times. If it is not controlled, we women can no longer live in society with any dignity,† she said. Education Minister Nurul Islam Nahid while admitting to the menace said female students and female teachers were at present not safe on the streets or schools, a situation leading to an increased drop-out rate of female students in many schools, and underage marriages. (ANI) Bengal girl commits suicide after sexual harassment Kolkata, August 14 (IANS) Subjected to regular sexual harassment by a some local youths and following an altercation with her father on the issue, a 13-year-old-school girl committed suicide by immolating herself in West Bengal’s Burdwan district, police said Tuesday. Four people have been arrested in this connection. â€Å"Ujjawala Prasad, 13, had set herself on fire last night and she succumbed to  injuries Tuesday morning. Her father has lodged a complaint against nine persons who had been harassing the girl for the past few days. Four persons have been arrested,† a police officer said. The incident happened in Hirapur in Burdwan district, 213 km from Kolkata. Police said the girl complained to her father about some boys teasing her regularly, following which he went to confront them. The boys said the girl was having an affair with one of them. The father had a heated argument with the girl Monday night. After the incident, Leader of Opposition and Communist Party of India-Marxist leader Surjya Kanta Mishra said: â€Å"Not a single day passes when an incident of an attack on women is not reported. Today a girl committed suicide in Asansol after she was harassed by men. The attacks on women, especially on minor girls, has shot up.† Rising incidents of sexual harassment and increasing public anger in protest has prompted the Bangladesh government, headed by a woman, Sheikh Hasina, to take action. In the latest incident Friday, villagers set fire to houses of some alleged stalkers in Talupara village in Sirajganj district, about 110 km northwest of Dhaka. The mob also caught a stalker’s father and handed him over to the police. In another incident, at least 10 members of a family were Wednesday beaten for protesting against stalking, and one of them died, The Daily Star reported. Abdur Rauf, son of Delwar, used to pester Kamrul’s wife Joinab, 18, every day. After Joinab brought the matter to Delwar’s attention, Rauf and his men went to Kamrul’s house and beat up his family. Kamrul’s uncle Aser Ali succumbed to injuries on way to hospital. In another incident last week, a school girl’s father, who managed to nab her stalker and hand him over to the police, could not take questions from the media and died of heart attack. The government has promised a law to prevent sexual harassment of women at work. But the problem is difficult to tackle in villages where women and young girls from broken families or with men away on work face harassment from idle, at times better off, youths. The government declared to observe June 13 as the Eve Teasing Protection Day  from this year. The resolve to raise public awareness comes from the presence of several women in public life. â€Å"In a country where the prime minister (Sheikh Hasina), foreign minister (Dipu Moni), home minister (Sajeda Khatun), agriculture minister (Motia Chowdhury) and the leader of the opposition (Begum Khaleda Zia) are female, women and girls cannot walk on the streets, use public transport, or go to school, shops, parks or other public places without often being ogled, taunted, harassed, humiliated, sexually molested, groped and assaulted – and in some cases, attacked with acid, abducted and raped,† The Daily Star lamented in a commentary Saturday. According to the Bangladesh National Women Lawyers Association, almost 90 percent of girls aged 10-18 years are victims of sexual harassment. The perpetrators range from college students and unemployed youth to street vendors, rickshaw pullers, bus drivers, fellow passengers, colleagues and supervisors. â€Å"Sexual terrorism thrives on patriarchal attitudes, prejudices, cultural norms, double standards and discriminatory laws that devalue women and deny them their rights. Eradicating it will require transformative social change,† the newspaper said. A large number of school and college students held a rally in Dhaka to protest against ‘eve teasing’ and the sexual harassment of women. According to the BBC, the rally was the latest in a series of protests following a number of suicides and killings involving women subjected to bullying and harassment. The protestors have urged the Bangladesh government to take proper steps to curb sexual harassment and provide better protection for women. â€Å"Some right-wing parties say that if the girls wear a veil, then they can escape Eve teasing, but we don’t think so. We need tougher legislation and it should be properly implemented to stop this menace,† one of the protestors said. Young girls often face verbal abuse, taunts and stalkers, and critics are forcibly silenced. Those harassing them are often their school colleagues or men in the street, the report said. According to activists, eve teasing and sexual harassment has led to the deaths of more than 24 people, most of them women, since the beginning of this year in the country. In recent days, some who have spoken  out against sexual harassment have been murdered, it added. (ANI)

Montaigne's Apology for Raymond Sebond Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Montaigne's Apology for Raymond Sebond - Essay Example They are founded on ones capability to provide sufficient testimony to sustain such claims. He argues that anything can appear truthful or not depending on one’s interpretation and the amount of backing provided to support the claims. In Montaigne’s view, it is a person’s ability to provide irrefutable evidence, which determines if he or she appears stupid or clever, obscure or inconsistent. However, there is always the likelihood that someone else will dispute any idea, agree with it, or be at a tangent to it. In his opinion, Montagne argues that the different perceptions or considerations are what have given value to many things worth nothing. In this essay, the problematic issue is on the question of whether honey is sweet, or bitter. The discussion revolves around Heraclitus, Protagoras, and Democritus and Pyrrhonists opinions regarding the taste of honey. According to Heraclitus and Protagoras, honey has both qualities of being sweet and bitter. On the other hand, Democritus argues that honey is neither sweet nor bitter while Pyrrhonists claims not to know whether honey is sweet or bitter. This is an analysis of the different views regarding the reliability of senses as trackers of truth. Each of the four philosophers tries to support their own opinion. From the fact that honey was sweet to one and bitter to another Democritus and Protagoras drew their conclusion that it is neither sweet not bitter. In their opinion, sweetness or bitterness exists by convention. Sweetness or bitterness is thus not a quality of honey. Additionally they felt that attribution of traits or qualities are subjective affection that depicts our own perceptions regarding different things. In their view, honey is neither sweet nor bitter, the sweetness and the bitterness is an idea belonging to mind of the person tasting it. Bitterness and sweetness are two different things and thus it is not possible for something to have both qualities. Consequently, it is not possible for two conflicting opinions to be correct. The perception that something can be both sweet and bitter demonstrates that the language we use to describe things does not relate to anything in actuality. Qualities associated with different things are thus a mere depiction of our discernments and not the truth. Democritus and Protagoras opinion was different from that of Heraclitus who concluded that honey is both sweet and bitter. Heraclitus proposition was that â€Å"all things have in them features we discern† (Montaigne 147). By this, he meant that the attributes or traits associated with anything could vary depending on the person viewing it. Therefore, the qualities of bitterness and sweetness are in the honey but different people will perceive and describe them differently. For that reason, the opinions regarding anything depend on what the person wants to propose. There is thus no specific or constant outlook into anything. Heraclitus message was that our perce ption tends to be partial and thus the conclusion depends on one’s discernment but does not necessary mean it is the truth of the matter. Our senses are thus inadequate since they perceive whatever we want them to or want we want to advocate but not the reality. Pyrrhonian claimed not to know if honey is sweet, bitter, neither, or both. This opinion demonstrates doubts on whether any of the above quality exists or not. The

Improving Supply chain performance through Auditing Research Proposal

Improving Supply chain performance through Auditing - Research Proposal Example This calls for an audit of the supply chain when an organization is facing difficulties in carrying out its procurement, production, and distribution of its product. Accordingly, this research proposal paper has come up with a number of objectives that managers of an organization should evaluate in enhancing the supply chain of a typical organization in a modern market. In carrying out the audit of the supply chain of the organization, the researcher was motivated by the difficulties the organization is facing in receiving raw materials, distributing final products, and increasing transport and inventory cost. Thus, the audit the researcher has undertaken on the supply chain of the organization is critical in improving its efficiency. Indeed, the evaluation of the objectives in this research proposal is beneficial to managers and employees of the organization in crafting supply chain policy in future. Furthermore, the research question that helped in compiling the supply chain audit is how best the supply chain can be improved in an organization. Accordingly, the research question was answered by questioning the efficiency of information sharing, inventory management, and decision making certainty in the organization. In addition, the researcher evaluated the question of motivation in an organization to find out the effect it has on the supply chain performance. Objectives One of the major objectives that an organization should focus on is the sharing of information in an organization (Atilgan and McCullen, 2011). This objective implies the presence of a communication channel in the organization to allow sharing of information between the various parties involved in the supply chain component. Indeed, empirical studies have shown that when information between the relevant parties in the supply chain component is not clear, there is potential of duplication of tasks. In addition, conflicts are likely to arise between the parties when the tasks of each party are not clearly communicated by the organization (Parmigiani and Klassen, 2011). Consequently, the efficiency of the supply chain will be highly compromised rendering the productivity, profitability, and sustainability of the organization at risk. The management of an organization are supposed to invent a communication system that will allow the parties to pass relevant information when it is needed to enhance the supply chain (Childerhouse and Towill, 2011). Similarly, the communication system should be able to capture the needs of the different parties in order to increase their efficiency (Parmigiani and Klassen, 2011). A clear investigation of the communication channels of the organization reveals the difficulties the parties involved in the implementation of the supply chain component face. One of the communication failures of the organization is that it lacks a coordinating platform for the relevant parties to share information simultaneously. Thus, the supply chain is faced with a tedious and time wasting process in sharing information between the parties. This makes the efficiency of the supply chain very slow since the parties have wait for long time to get the right information before making decisions. Ultimately, the time taken in acquiring the

The marketing strategies of Heinz Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The marketing strategies of Heinz - Assignment Example This report is designed to have an insight about an organization that is about to conduct some market research into consumer buying habits for the products and services that this company has for sale. Moreover, this research will address the obstacles in the way of the operations of Heinz and their competitors in order to clarify the current and future market standing of the company. Henry John Heinz, the founder of this company said that he learned from his parents’ idea of business which was, â€Å"Deal with the seller so justly that he will want to sell to you again.† He believed in fair play in the business and this quality of him had made him a successful businessman. He founded Heinz almost 150 years ago. Heinz was formed in Sharpsburg (a suburb of Pittsburgh), Pennsylvania, in 1869 by entrepreneur Henry John Heinz. To this day the company has become a global business dealer in the consumer food industry. Heinz is a $10.7 billion global company. The products of He inz enjoy #1 or #2 market share in more than 50 countries. Every year the company sells 650 million bottles of its iconic Ketchup. Heinz's top 15 power brands are counted as more than two-thirds of its annual sales. There are about 35000 people that are employed by Heinz in almost 50 countries around the globe. Heinz is a liable corporate citizen dedicated to safe practices, environmental stewardship and giving back to the society. The basic task required in this report is to find the appropriate research procedure and outlines its merits and de-merits. Further it is required to analyze the research by proper sampling procedure for accumulating substantial and real results. 4 External or in-house research

The Steps of a Refugee Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Steps of a Refugee - Essay Example Leaving was not pleasant for them, but the alternative was something called â€Å"ethnic cleansing.† (Merriam-Webster) This is their story, told a year after they arrived here. I replaced their names with Husband, Wife, Son and Daughter because their ethnicity is irrelevant to the needs and challenges of refugees. Their experience is representative of many refugees who come to the US, no matter where they come from. There are more than 43 million forcibly displaced persons worldwide. (UNHCR) We call them refugees and this is the story of one family. do not remember the point at which I knew we must become refugees. We could hear reports of the killings and knew it was only a matter time before the rebels arrived in our area. After much discussion, we decided that fleeing to the US was the best choice, in spite of the difficulties, because we wanted a better future for Son and Daughter. I knew the war would destroy the country and tens of thousands would flee to [neighboring co untry], overwhelming the resources and saturating the labor market.

High-Risk Nutritional Practices Paper First Draft Essay

High-Risk Nutritional Practices Paper First Draft - Essay Example de the lack of constant exercising, proper hydration, and continuous cleanliness, as well as participation in general medical checkups and examination. In this regard, there are a host of factors that inevitably result in the lack of or limitation of access to proper nutritional value and health. When delving into the aspect of culture and traditional affiliations, it is critical to note that a majority of cultural practices and/ traditions and essentially linked to the religious aspects of given social settings. Therefore, the need to be considerate of religious input with regard to cultural practices pertaining to nutritional intake and practice is vital (Grant, 1998). The paper will delve on the influences of cultural ideals and practices, on various populations’ dietary/ nutritional intake. Focus will be on the existing influential factors as well as co-relative factors founded on cultural perspectives and practices. This will encompass prevailing historical belief systems and inclusive practices portrayed, with each culture being explored further in terms of such high-risk behaviors. Within European contexts, the U.S. is often regarded as the ‘melting pot’ of all cultures, religions and ways of life. As Kittler and Sucher (1999) portray, this is best represented by the diversity portrayed and subsequently experienced in the daily life of American citizens, eventually affecting critical aspects such as socialization, nutritional value intake, political affiliations and ideological perspectives. Looking at high-risk nutritional behaviors, it is worthwhile to note that other aspects of socializations i.e. family/ gender roles, age-group category/ bracket, spiritual beliefs, education, health care practices, physical activities, drug and substance abuse, cultural practices and traditions amongst others, fundamentally influence the nutritional behaviors present within different social contexts. In terms of cultural diversity, the U.S. is uniquely

Purchasing and Resource Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Purchasing and Resource Management - Case Study Example Spiller of having followed normal purchasing procedures, selecting the appropriate supplier and even in approving the price for this high -intensity x-ray processor. There is no way that Dr. Spiller would have followed the right purchasing procedures without involving Rose Silver who is the manager in -charge of purchasing and from whom the final decisions regarding hospital purchases are expected to come from. Rose is a professional purchaser who ought to be consulted on matters related to purchasing in the whole business organisation. Failure to consult her might lead to a professional blunder and unnecessary misunderstanding amongst the management staff in the organisation a thing that would slow down productivity and overall development of a firm. The exercise of selecting suppliers is a long on and it involves calling for interested suppliers to apply for tenders with the management. It is from these applicants that the most competitive and appropriate supplier is found. The head of radiology department made his purchases decisions in such a hurry that there was no time to compare and choose from a number of suppliers. He seems to have settled on only single supplier who is New Age Radiology Inc. a move that can even compromise with the quality of the equipment supplied. In using method of selecting the right supplier Dr Spiller was supposed to involve the purchasing manager who would have made major contribution in the selection of the most suitable supplier.1As a trained marketing manager Rose has all the knowledge in selecting a better supplier from a given group of applicants. Through contacting a number of suppliers the purchasing manager will be able to come up with the best price for the good quality equipments. Most likely she would not go for the cheapest because the more cheap the equipment is the higher the chances of it being of a poor quality. Again he cannot go for the extremely expensive one so as not to strain the hospitals budget although this does not imply that she will ignore the aspect of quality. There is no justification that Dr. Spiller went through the above process in selecting New Age Radiology as the hospitals major supplies. His, appears to be haste decisions made by someone who was not interested to gather the views of the most appropriate person in the field of purchasing. He went ahead and told Rose that everything was in order and the machine was sold in the prices but he could not explain how this was arrived at. Question Two Dr. Spiller's approach can culminate into immeasurable risk and associated ethical problems. Failing to select a supplier from a wide base of applicants will lead to the sole supplier taking an advantage of monopoly which will end up in poor quality supply of equipment. The supplier may end up supplying a faulty X-ray processor that will not give the required services to the hospital. This will mean extra expenses in the repair of the faulty equipments or purchasing a new one to replace the faulty one if it is beyond repair. A thing that will add up to increased expenditure for the hospital thereby forcing the hospital to realize low profits or even loses. Another risk is on the price which he approved without contacting Rose who was the right person in recommending the best price to pay for the purchased machine. Following the fact that Dr. Spiller is not a specialist in the purchasing field chances are high that might have approved and already overcharged

Criminal Law Study Guide Essay Example for Free

Criminal Law Study Guide Essay Murder carries a mandatory sentence of life imprisonment, which is 15 years. Sound memory—the person responsible must not be insane. Age of discretion — a child less than 10 years old is not criminally responsible for his/her actions. Since S. 34 of the Crime and Disorder Act of 1998 the presumption of doli incapax has been abolished and consequently any child over 10 years has potentially full legal capacity. Unlawfully kills — the act must be an unlawful killing. The law recognises that in certain circumstances the killing may be either justified or authorised eg. xecution or self defence. Living human being — a foetus is not deemed in law to be a living human being. However, a murder conviction may be possible if a foetus is injured and, after birth, dies as a result of injuries sustained whilst in the womb. Attorney-General’s Reference (No 3, 1994) 1996. A defendant cannot be convicted of the murder of someone who is already dead at the time of the attack. R v Maicherek and Steel 1981 The accused had seriously wounded the victim who was then artificially maintained on a respirator. When it was discovered that irreversible brain damage had occurred the respirator was turned off M was found guilty of murder and his appeal was dismissed when he claimed the doctor had caused death. It was his act which caused death. The court appeared to favour the approach that death occurs when the victim is brain-dead. Queen’s Peace — killing an enemy during wartime is not murder. Malice aforethought — since the case of R v Moloney the mens rea of murder is the intention to kill or cause grievous bodily harm. ACTUS REUS The actus reus of murder is that the killing is unlawful, causation must be stablished (A caused B’s death) and the victim must be a human being. (see causation notes from AS). MENS REA DIAGRAM MENS REA The mens rea of murder is malice aforethought which is the intention to kill or cause grievous bodily harm (GBH). There are two forms of intent: †¢ Direct intent — this is what D desires, eg. pointing a gun at someone and sh ooting them because you want to kill them. It was their aim or purpose to kill. †¢ Indirect or oblique intent — this is not necessarily what D desires but what he foresees will almost certainly happen, eg. D sets fire to a building and killed someone, did he foresee the risk that death might occur? Four important cases must be looked at. R v Moloney 1985 A soldier shot and killed his stepfather in response to a drunken challenge. He claimed that he had not aimed the gun at the victim and had, at the time, no idea that firing it would cause injury. The judge directed the jury that intention included both desire and foresight of probable consequences and the defendant was convicted of murder. Held (HL) Appeal allowed, manslaughter substituted. Lord Bridge did state that it was possible to intend a result which you do not actually want. He gave the example of a man who is trying to escape, who boards a plane to Manchester. Even though he may have no desire to go to Manchester — he may even hate the place — it is clearly where he intends to go. However, the appeal was allowed because foresight of consequences can only be evidence of intention — it is up to the jury to decide. R v Hancock and Shankland 1986 Two striking miners pushed concrete from a bridge onto a road, killing a taxi driver. They claimed only to intend to block the road or frighten the taxi passenger and not to kill or cause GBH. They were convicted of murder but successfully appealed, a manslaughter conviction was substituted by the Court of Appeal and confirmed by the House of Lords. The House of Lords looked at risk and probability. A slight risk of death is not enough to infer intention: Lord Scarman stated the greater the probability that death or GBH would occur; the more likely that intention can be inferred, eg. if A cut B’s little finger is would not be very probable that death would occur, therefore A is unlikely to have intention. However, if A stabbed B in the chest, it is much more likely that death would result, therefore it is more likely that A had intention. In both cases the defendants were convicted by the juries and appealed, first to the Court of Appeal and then to the House of Lords. In each case the House of Lords quashed the convictions for murder and substituted a verdict of manslaughter. The reason being the trial judges had misdirected the jury. The following case established the Virtual Certainty test which should always be used in indirect intention situations.. R v Nedrick 1986 The defendant set fire to a house, killing a child. He claimed that his intention was to frighten the child’s mother and not to kill or cause GBH. Convicted of murder. Held (CA) Appeal allowed, manslaughter substituted. Where direct intention is not present then the following test should be put to the jury. A jury should return a verdict of murder only where they find that the defendant foresaw death or serious injury as a virtual certain consequence of his or her voluntary actions. R v Woolin 1998 (HL) D shook his 3-month-old son when he choked on his food and then threw him across the room, the child died, D had lied to the ambulance men and the police before admitting what happened. He claimed that he did not want his son to die. He was originally convicted of murder but the House of Lords reduced his conviction to manslaughter. The trial judge had misdirected the jury on the test to infer intention. The case has now confirmed the Nedrick test. It must now always be used when dealing with indirect intent situations. R v Matthew and Alleyne 2003 (CA) The defendants appealed against their conviction for murder following the death of a young man (a non-swimmer) whom they had thrown from a bridge into a river. The Court of Appeal affirmed the conviction, which it did not consider unsafe in the light of the evidence, but expressed concern that the Nedrick/Woollin evidential rule should not be treated as if it were a rule of law. A defendant’s foresight of virtually certain death does not automatically require the jury to find that he intended that result: it is merely evidence from which the jury may draw that conclusion.

Organ Donation Essay Example for Free

Organ Donation Essay 1. The purpose of this essay was to support my claim that organ donation has a lot of positive results. My plan with this essay to get the reader to be more informed of the process and list some statistics associated with it. I hope that the reader, if they were not fully aware of the topic, to do more research for themselves. 2. From this assignment, I learned how to gather data to support my arguments. I already felt strongly about this subject before writing on it. Though, I learned more about the underground black markets associated with organ harvesting. 3. The only difficulties I had were trying to make everything flow in the body of my paragraphs. Also, how to incorporate the down side of the issue. The editing part wasn’t too hard for me. 4. I enjoyed writing on a topic that I fully support as an individual. I also enjoyed reading articles related to the topic on how a life was dramatically improved or saved. I in addition, learned to better support my claims. 5. I decided to write on this topic due to the fact that I am signed up to be an organ donor myself. I am not currently discussing this topic in another course. I was not fully aware of the topic until I fully researched it before deciding to become one. 6. There is not anything else I would like for you to know. Should More Attention Be Given To Organ Donation? When it comes to organ donation, it is a very touchy subject for a lot of people. The majority of them are hesitant about registering to become an organ donor because they are usually ill informed about the process. Besides helping to save or drastically improve someone’s life, you can also give some kind of comfort to their grieving families. There are so many organs and tissues that can be donated and one can also be a living person in order to do it. A sad statistic about the organ donation waiting list is that every 48 hours, someone dies while waiting for an organ and never receiving it (Newton). So one has to wonder if the general public was more aware of this issue; they would be more willing to sign up. Although there are some religious sects have some stipulations against organ donations, the majority actually condone it to be an act of charity. Though the subject of organ donation is a very sensitive issue, there are many advantages to them being performed. The fact that it only takes one organ donor to save  over eight lives is simply amazing and that the donor is able to give comfort to grieving families and improve someone’s way of life. Financial or celebrity status has no bearing on determining who is able to receive a transplant in the U.S. Also, the system for matching donors and recipients being regulated by the Federal Government should give people some ease about any wrong doing involving the sale of organs in the United States (Burande). An Ethics Committee was in fact put into place by organizations that specialize in the procurement of organs and every region and hospital has one. Hearts, lungs, livers, kidneys, pancreas, small intestines, and also the eyes could be donated and transplants have a highly successful transfer rate of up to 80 to 90 percent (Burande). A person can be a living person and still donate certain parts of organs and bone marrow (Burande). Children can even become organ donors with their parent’s consent and the family pays no bills associated with any kind of organ donation. The donor person’s medical history is more significant than a person’s age, so someone should never think that they are too old to eligible to donate (Organ Donation: Don’t let These Myths C onfuse You). A person can even donate their entire body for the benefit of research and the use of medical education. A lot of families are concerned that if their deceased loved one donates, that they will not be able to have an open casket funeral and that is simply not true (Organ Donation: Don’t let These Myths Confuse You). The respect of the deceased and their families is one of the top priorities when it comes to organ donation. The process also involves many steps, with the first being a referral when a patient is about to pass away to confirm if they are or are not a registered donor. Then a medical evaluation is done to see if the organs are suitable. After a declaration of death is made by the doctor, the next of kin signs a consent form. After transplant coordinators confirm the death with a medical examiner or coroner to see whether it’s under jurisdiction, the transplant surgeon finalizes the recipient as a proper match. The work of the surgical removal team is also ov erseen by the transplant coordinator. Last, after it’s all said and done, letters are sent out to the donor’s family, relevant doctors and nurses informing them of the outcome of the donation that was done. Just like any other medical procedure, there are some issues that do exist. Over 115,000 people are currently waiting for an organ in the U.S and every 48 hours, a  person dies waiting to receive an organ and not getting one (Burande). Each year over a million people need organs to save or dramatically improve their life. There is also a black market that exists for some organs, especially kidneys, so naturally people are hesitant due to its unethical prospects (Adomaitis). This tends to happen more frequently in countries where the population is poor. Organs from living donors are transplanted from people that live in poverty into more prominent citizens that live elsewhere all due to the need for money. A new study was done out of Alberta, Canada that Canadians might be more willing to sign up to be registered donors if they were offered some kind of monetary compensation for their families (Verner). The families would be offered a tax break or help with funeral expenses and of course the process would be done legally and all safety precautions would be followed. The only problem that is foreseen from that is how to establish the cost of an organ when life itself is precious. When it comes to the subject of organ donation, there are many religious aspects concerning beliefs from various religions. Although, many religions actually encourage it because they consider it be an act of charity, but with stipulations when it comes to a person doing it. Jehovah’s Witnesses believe that if a person decides to donate, all organs and tissues must be drained of blood first (Adomaitis). The Amish approves it only if the recipient’s life will be definitely improved or saved (Adomaitis). Though, they are not opposed to it, Mennonites leave the decision to the individual or his/her family members. In closing, no matter how sensitive a person is when it comes to the subject of organ donation, it never hurts to fully research the topic. He or she might have to come upon making a decision one day concerning the matter and they should be fully informed of all the pros and cons. This concludes my essay on the issue of organ donation. Annotated Bibliography Burande, Abhay. Organ Donation Facts and Statistics. Dec 21, 2011, Retrieved from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/organ-donation-facts-and-statistics.html There are many statistical data to support the pros of organ transplants. The process is overseen by a committee in the U.S. that ensures its strict adherence. Adomaitis, Mary Beth. Cons of Organ Donating. Retrieved from http://dyinglovetoknow.com/ConsofOrganDonating Besides the pros of organ donation there are many cons associated with this issue. Black markets for organs and taking advantage of the poor to help the rich are sometimes concerns for many. Verner, Amy. Compensating Organ Donors Could Increase Donation Rates, Study Finds. The Globe Mail, Published Wednesday, Nov 07, 2012, Retrieved from http://www/the globeandmail.com/life/the-hot-button/compensating-organ-donors-could-increase-donations.html Studies have shown that people in Canada are more inclined to sign donor cards if they were monetarily compensated. The only issue is that of how to put a value on human life. Newton, Joshua. How Does The General Public View Posthumous Organ Donation? A Meta-Synthesis of the Qualitative Literature. BMC Public Health 2011, 11:791. Retrieved from http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/11/791 There are many individuals who are unwilling become organ donors posthumously, thus creating a disparity between the supply and demand for transplants. A meta-synthesis of literature was therefore conducted to determine the views of the general public concerning the issue. Organ Donation: Don’t let These Myths Confuse You, The Mayo Clinic, Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/organ-donation/FL00077 Many people are ill-informed about the organ donation process. This article lists many myths that are associated with organ donation and the truths to clarify on those myths.

Birth Control: History, Methods and Issues

Birth Control: History, Methods and Issues David Birth Control Introduction How amazing would it be if we lived in a utopia where people can choose whether or not to get pregnant after unprotected sex and have no Sexual Transmitted Diseases(STD). Sexual Transmitted Diseases(STD) are diseases that has a high chance to be transmitted between humans by sexual intercourse, such as but not limited to: â€Å"vaginal intercourse, anal sex, oral sex, etc.†[1] Well unfortunately there is no utopia. But we have birth control methods that can prevent pregnancy and Sexual Transmitted Diseases(STD). Birth control is the practice of preventing a woman from getting pregnant.[2] Birth control is an issue in society that needs more attention, simply because it leads to more problems such as: â€Å"teen pregnancy, abortion, overpopulation, STD, etc.† History of Birth Control Birth control was first used in the 1550 B.C by an Egyptian manuscript called the Ebers Papyrus. It gives women directions on how to mix dates, acacia and honey into a paste, spread it over the vagina and use it to prevent pregnancy. [3] In the 1700s, the first condoms were being experimented. It ranged from sheep-bladder condoms to the use of half a lemon as a makeshift cervical cap. [4] The first ever rubber condoms were invented in 1839 by Charles Goodyear. In 1873, United States of America is the only Western nation to criminalize contraception. During the 1800s a large cervical cap in developed.[5] In 1954, John Rock conducted the first ever birth control pill and tested it on 50 women. In 1960 the FDA approved the use of birth control pills but little do they know that almost half a million U.S women are already using it.[6] Now we have more advanced birth control methods. More and more people are using birth control to prevent unwanted pregnancy. Methods of Birth Control In the world today there are various ways to prevent pregnancy and a lot of them are very effective and safe. From sheep bladder condoms to super thin latex condoms. We see that as ass technology is improving, birth control methods are getting more and more advanced at the same time. There are birth control methods that are â€Å"natural† and do not involve any pills, condoms, and etc. Abstinence is a natural birth control method, this is a method that doesn’t involve having sex with a partner. Couples may enjoy other types of sexual activities that do not lead to the female getting pregnant.[7] This method is 100% effective and safe because there is no interaction between a penis and a vagina. Similarly to abstinence outercourse is also a natural birth control method. Outercourse includes any kind of sexual activity that doesn’t involve vaginal intercourse and penetration.[8] It is also 100% effective and safe because it doesn’t involve any interaction between a penis and a vagina. The withdrawal (pull out) method in the other hand is a natural birth control method that involve sexual intercourse. A man will pull his penis out of the vagina before ejaculation. Ejaculation is when the semen spurts out of the penis.[9] This method can prevent pregnancy but has the risk to be diagnosed with Sexual Transmitted Diseases(STD). There are various birth control methods that involve the use of pills, substances, and objects. Birth control pills are well known throughout the world. There are many types of birth control pills, some are effective and some are not. A birth control pill prevents the egg from leaving the ovaries. It makes the cervical mucus thicker so the sperm is blocked and can’t make contact with the egg.[10] There is another kind of birth control pill but this one is for emergency use. It is called the morning after pill. After having unprotected sex, within this 5 days taking this emergency birth control pill will prevent pregnancy. It can take up to six days for the sperm and egg to meet after having sex so this pill can prevent pregnancy. This pill keeps the woman’s ovary from releasing egg for longer than usual.[11] Condoms are made of thin latex or plastic that has been shaped like a penis. During sexual intercourse it is worn on the penis. Condoms can prevent pregnancy and lower the risk of getting Sexual Transmitted Diseases(STD). When a man ejaculates the condom collects the semen so it prevents the sperm entering the vagina.[12] There are also condoms for women. It works exactly the same as the condom worn by men, it collects the semen and prevents it entering the vagina. The female condom is inserted deep inside the vagina. The ring at the closed end holds the pouch in the vagina to block the semen entering the vagina. The ring at the open end stays outside the vaginal opening during intercourse where the man inserts his penis in.[13] There are objects that is inserted into the women’s vagina to prevent pregnancy when no condom is used during sexual intercourse. They all have similarities in use. Some of them contain spermicide. Spermicide has chemicals that can stop a sperm from moving to prevent it from joining with the egg.[14] For example, the birth control sponge contains spermicide. It is soft, round, and two inch in diameter. It is made out of plastic foam.[15] Before sexaul intercourse, the birth control sponge is inserted deep inside the woman’s vagina. When the man ejaculates in the vagina, the sperm will be blocked by the birth control sponge.[16] And will be absorbed by the sponge. The diaphragm is a dome-shaped cup with a flexible rim.[17] It is made out of silicone and it is placed on the cervix to block the opening of the uterus.[18] The spermicide stops the sperm from moving so fertilization is not going to happen. There are some that don’t have spermicide. For example, the cervical cap. The cervical cap is a silicone cup that has a shape of a sailors hat.[19] Woman inserts it into their vagina and over their cervix. [20]The cervical cap blocks the uterus from opening so the sperm is unable to fertilize the egg.[21] There are birth control methods where hormones (Estrogen) are released into the body that prevents pregnancy. The birth control implant is a thin, flexible plastic implant about the size of a matchstick.[22] It is inserted under the skin of the upper arm. [23]It can prevent pregnancy for 3 three years. [24]Estrogen is released which prevents pregnancy. The birth control patch is similar to the birth control implant. It also releases estrogen into the body. But the birth control patch is a thin plastic patch that sticks to the skin like a bandage.[25] Once a week the patch has to be replaced by a new patch for three weeks then there will be a patch free week.[26] The birth control shot is an injection of hormones (Progestin) into the body to prevent pregnancy. Each shot prevents pregnancy for three months.[27] We see that there are mostly birth control methods for females. Males only wear condoms to prevent pregnancy. So now people are starting to develop male birth controls. A new male birth control method is being developed. It is called Vasalgel; it is an injection not a pill. It blocks the tube where the sperm swim through from the testicle.[28] A man can have unprotected sex and won’t ejaculate. However, the injection has to be taken just above the testicles.[29] The Vasalgel is still in its early stages of development, it has only been tested on baboons and rabbits.[30] No human being has ever tried it yet. The price is not yet set, but the Foundation noted that Vasalgel is not more than $800. In other words, if you can afford an iPhone 6, you can definitely afford this new male birth control.[31] Birth control comes with side effects too. Mainly the hormone-based birth control often comes with side effects that can range from little annoying to the point where you get fired up.[32] The birth control that involves inserting objects into a woman’s vagina has side effects such as vaginal infection.[33] The birth control pill can cause headaches, dizziness, and breast tenderness. According to Hilda Hutcherson, MD, an ob-gyn professor at Columbia University.[34] These side effects will go away after taking the pill for a while.[35] Nausea is mainly caused by the birth control patch.[36] According to Hilda Hutcherson, MD, an ob-gyn professor at Columbia University. Switching to oral birth control methods can help decrease nausea.[37] Decreased sexual desire is caused by the birth control pill.[38] According to Hilda Hutcherson, MD, an ob-gyn professor at Columbia University. Switching to other types of birth control pills may help but if not change to other methods.[39] Mood swings are caused by hormonal birth control methods.[40] Changing to nonhormal methods will help decrease mood swings.[41] All hormonal methods are likely to cause mood swings.[42] Family Planning in Thailand Since Thailand is a buddhist country birth control pills and condoms are the more preferable and acceptable methods.[43] Condoms are favourites among Thais. Because condoms don’t just prevent pregnancy but also prevents STDs.[44] According to Mechai Viravaidya, a politician in Thailand, the Buddhist scriptures say that many births cause suffering, so Buddhism is not against birth control. And we even end up with monks sprinkling holy water on pills and condoms for the sanctity of the family before products went out into the villages.[45] Mechai has been known as â€Å"Mr.Condom† in Thailand.[46] He brought awareness to condoms, birth control, and AIDS. Before he would giveaway condoms every valentines day.[47]From the time he began his campaign, the average number of children in Thai families has decreased from 7 to 1.5.[48] We can see that the number decreased dramatically. This is one of the reasons why Thailand is not overpopulated. Birth Control in China China has the most population in the world 1,366,990,000.[49] It takes up 19% of the world’s total population.[50] In the 1970s China’s population was growing tremendously. Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping established a policy called One Child policy in 1979 to limit China’s population growth.[51] This policy limits couples to one child. It is well known that those who violate the policy have sometimes been subjected to abortions.[52] If they already gave birth, they are forced to pay fines and have been sterilized.[53] Which means they are unable to give birth for the rest of their lives. A lot of people have been questioning whether or not this policy can reduce the growth of China’s population. A study taken by the University of California in April 2007, found that the policy is very effective and reduces the fertility rate in China. After the announcement of the one-child policy, the fertility rate in China dropped from 2.63 births per woman in 1980 (already a sharp reduction from more than five births per woman in the early 1970s) to 1.61 in 2009. The Chinese government didn’t directly inform people to use birth control. By having the one-child policy, the Chinese people are very well aware that they must use birth control to prevent breaking the law. Different Views on Birth Control Different religions have different views on birth control. Some are against it and some support it. Even some religion changed their view on birth control over time. Until the 20th century birth control was not approved by Christianity. It was seen as a barrier to God’s procreative purpose of marriage.[54] In Judaism, Orthodox rabbis believe that making babies is a male duty. But many rabbis allow birth control cases because pregnancy can seriously harm the woman.[55] Conservative and Reform Jews however feel that birth control have benefits, such as family stability, disease prevention, and less stress, etc.[56] Hinduism encourages reproduction within marriage, but there is appeal against birth control.[57] Most Hindus accept that there is a duty to have a family during a persons lifetime. So they are unlikely to use birth control to prevent having children.[58] In Hinduism people are encouraged to make more babies. In Islam, birth control is encouraged to youngsters and marr ied couples. Birth control is supported because of economic reasons and the health of the woman. Also it will make the marriage more fun.[59] UDHR Birth control is related to article 16: Marriage and Family in the United Declaration of Human Rights. Every adult has the right to marry and have kids if they want to[60]. Every single person has the right to use birth control or not. It’s their own decision whether or not to want to have a baby and how many babies they want. Nothing can stop you from preventing pregnancy or getting pregnant. Conclusion Birth control is an issue that hasn’t really been recognized by the society. Birth control is a very serious issue since it can lead to more problems such as: â€Å"teen pregnancy, abortion, overpopulation, STD, etc.† As we can see India’s population is growing tremendously quick. By 2030, India will surpass China and be the world’s most populated country.[61] India does not have the One-Child policy and poor people do not have access to birth control pills or other kind of methods. I think that right now there are too less male birth control methods. Vasalgel is being developed but seeing that it is an injection right above the testicals scares a lot of men. Also it hasn’t been tested on a human yet. In my opinion researchers should develop some type of pill that can stop the tube that the sperm swims through from the testicle. More people will buy it because it is safer than an injection. I think condoms are the safest and most effective method. It can definitely prevent pregnancy and also prevent STDs. No direct contact is being made between the penis and vagina so no STDs can be transferred. People complain that it doesn’t feel as good as unprotected sex. But unprotected sex can kill you, on the other hand condom is there to prevent you from dying. The One-Child policy helped China stabilize their population growth. I believe India should have this policy too because the population of India is increasing dramatically. If it is not stopped it can affect India’s economy and their will be a high demand of goods and not enough supply. By limiting one child per family the population growth will slow down a lot and the country can improve different things. I truly believe that birth control should be paid more attention to. Because it leads to series of other issues in society that we want to avoid. Such as: â€Å"teen pregnancy, Sexual Transmitted Diseases(STDs), abortion, overpopulation, etc.† There are so many ways to prevent pregnancy, you can choose the one you feel is good. Some people support birth control and some don’t. But no one should ever tell you what to do because according to article 16: Marriage and Family says that every person has the right to choose whether they want a family or kids. [1] Sexually Transmitted Disease. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 22 Sept. 2014. Web. 22 Sept. 2014. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexually_transmitted_disease>. [2] Birth Control Definition. Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster, n.d. Web. www.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fbirth%2520control>. [3] A Brief History of Birth Control. Time. Time Inc., 03 May 2010. Web. 17 Sept. 2014. http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C1983970%2C00.html>. [4] A Brief History of Birth Control. Time. Time Inc., 03 May 2010. Web. 17 Sept. 2014. http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C1983970%2C00.html>. [5] A Brief History of Birth Control. Time. Time Inc., 03 May 2010. Web. 17 Sept. 2014. http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C1983970%2C00.html>. [6]A Brief History of Birth Control. Time. Time Inc., 03 May 2010. Web. 17 Sept. 2014. http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C1983970%2C00.html>. [7] Collins. Abstinence Facts. Abstinence Facts. Planned Parenthood, n.d. Web. 17 Sept. 2014. http://www.plannedparenthood.org/health-info/birth-control/abstinence>. [8] Outercourse as Birth Control. Outercourse as Birth Control. Planned Parenthood, n.d. Web. 17 Sept. 2014. http://www.plannedparenthood.org/health-info/birth-control/outercourse>. [9] Pull Out Method. Pull Out Method Withdrawal Method. Planned Parenthood, n.d. Web. 17 Sept. 2014. http://www.plannedparenthood.org/health-info/birth-control/withdrawal-pull-out-method>. [10] Birth Control Pills Birth Control Pill The Pill. Birth Control Pills Birth Control Pill The Pill. Planned Parenthood, n.d. Web. 21 Sept. 2014. http://www.plannedparenthood.org/health-info/birth-control/birth-control-pill>. [11] The Morning-After Pill Emergency Contraception Cost Info. The Morning-After Pill Emergency Contraception Cost Info. Planned Parenthood, n.d. Web. 22 Sept. 2014. http://www.plannedparenthood.org/health-info/birth-control/morning-after-pill-emergency-contraception>. [12] Condoms How to Put On a Condom Video. Condoms How to Put On a Condom Video. Planned Parenthood, n.d. Web. 21 Sept. 2014. http://www.plannedparenthood.org/health-info/birth-control/condom>. [13] Female Condoms How to Use a Female Condom. Female Condoms How to Use a Female Condom. Planned Parenthood, n.d. Web. 21 Sept. 2014. http://www.plannedparenthood.org/health-info/birth-control/female-condom>. [14]Spermicide Effectiveness Spermicides. Spermicide Effectiveness Spermicides. Planned Parenthood, n.d. Web. 25 Sept. 2014. http://www.plannedparenthood.org/health-info/birth-control/spermicide>. [15] Birth Control Sponge. Birth Control Sponge. Planned Parenthood, n.d. Web. 27 Sept. 2014. http://www.plannedparenthood.org/health-info/birth-control/birth-control-sponge-today-sponge>. [16] Birth Control Sponge. Birth Control Sponge. Planned Parenthood, n.d. Web. 27 Sept. 2014. http://www.plannedparenthood.org/health-info/birth-control/birth-control-sponge-today-sponge>. [17] Diaphragm :: Planned Parenthood. Diaphragm :: Planned Parenthood. Planned Parenthood, n.d. Web. 28 Sept. 2014. http://www.plannedparenthood.org/health-info/birth-control/diaphragm>. [18] Diaphragm :: Planned Parenthood. Diaphragm :: Planned Parenthood. Planned Parenthood, n.d. Web. 28 Sept. 2014. http://www.plannedparenthood.org/health-info/birth-control/diaphragm>. [19] Cervical Cap. Cervical Cap. Planned Parenthood, n.d. Web. 23 Sept. 2014. www.plannedparenthood.org%2Fhealth-info%2Fbirth-control%2Fcervical-cap%23>. [20] Cervical Cap. Cervical Cap. Planned Parenthood, n.d. Web. 23 Sept. 2014. www.plannedparenthood.org%2Fhealth-info%2Fbirth-control%2Fcervical-cap%23>. [21] Cervical Cap. Cervical Cap. Planned Parenthood, n.d. Web. 23 Sept. 2014. www.plannedparenthood.org%2Fhealth-info%2Fbirth-control%2Fcervical-cap%23>. [22] Implanon Side Effects Birth Control Implant. Implanon Side Effects Birth Control Implant. Planned Parenthood, n.d. Web. 26 Sept. 2014. http://www.plannedparenthood.org/health-info/birth-control/birth-control-implant-implanon>. [23] Implanon Side Effects Birth Control Implant. Implanon Side Effects Birth Control Implant. Planned Parenthood, n.d. Web. 26 Sept. 2014. http://www.plannedparenthood.org/health-info/birth-control/birth-control-implant-implanon>. [24] Implanon Side Effects Birth Control Implant. Implanon Side Effects Birth Control Implant. Planned Parenthood, n.d. Web. 26 Sept. 2014. http://www.plannedparenthood.org/health-info/birth-control/birth-control-implant-implanon>. [25] Birth Control Patch. Birth Control Patch. Planned Parenthood, n.d. Web. 26 Sept. 2014. http://www.plannedparenthood.org/health-info/birth-control/birth-control-patch-ortho-evra>. [26] Birth Control Patch. Birth Control Patch. Planned Parenthood, n.d. Web. 26 Sept. 2014. http://www.plannedparenthood.org/health-info/birth-control/birth-control-patch-ortho-evra>. [27] Birth Control Shot. Birth Control Shot. Planned Parenthood, n.d. Web. 27

Biological Techniques :: essays research papers

1. (a) I. Plasmids are important tools in molecular biology. Plasmids are small circular DNA that has the ability to enter and replicate in bacterial cells and can be used as vectors to introduce foreign genes into bacteria for cloning and sequencing. Any gene must be inserted into an appropriate location of a plasmid to be expressed. The importance of a plasmid is in the step of cloning and sequencing when the construction of a recombinant DNA molecule occurs. The target gene fragment is ligated to a plasmid, and becomes recombinant DNA. Then the plasmid can replicate autonomously in an appropriate host organism. II. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the amplification of DNA sequence by repeated cycles of strand seperation and replication. This is a direct method of making copies of a desired DNA sequence, unlike the technique using plasmids. PCR is a process quite like DNA replication. It is still the process of two DNA strands unwinding, replicating, and then reannealing, however the strands are separated by heat. Generally temperatures must be increased to 94-96 degrees C for the hydrogen bonds to break and the separation to occur. Once the stands are separated they can be used as templates for complementary strands to be synthesized by DNA primers. After the strands are completely synthesized, the temperatures are brought back down to 50-65 degrees C for the primers to anneal with the template DNA, and a DNA polymerase can build complementary strands using free nucleotides that have been added to the solution. III. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis is a technique in which DNA regions are digested using restriction endonucleases, and subjected to radioactive complementary DNA probes to compare the differences in DNA fragment lengths between individuals. The DNA in question is digested using restriction endonuclease(s). The DNA is then run on a gel and appears to be very long. The gel is subject to a chemical that causes the double-stranded DNA to separate into to individual strands. The strands are then transferred to a nylon membrane with using an electric current, where it will bind. The transfer process is called Southern blotting.

Use of Symbolism in Joseph Hellers Catch-22 Essays -- Catch-22

Use of Symbolism in Joseph Heller's Catch-22 The clerk sneezed three times in rapid succession and looked at me through watery eyes. "What did you say your name was?" I told him my name and he turned to a towering file cabinet overflowing with papers and brown manila envelopes. After sneezing three times and searching through a drawer, he pulled out a thin folder and laid it on the counter. "Ah," he said in a nasal voice laden with condescension and impatience. "I see you have no experience in our particular area of expertise. Come back when you get some experience." I explained that I was there to get experience. "Well, I don't see how you can find any work with your experience," the clerk groused, peering at me through a pair of horn-rimmed glasses. "Federal regulation Catch-22." He sneezed three times. I stared, trying to comprehend the logic of this ineffectual bureaucrat. He wouldn't hire me with my level of experience, but I could only get experience by working at this company. He sneezed three times. There was only one c atch, and it was Catch-22. Catch-22 was written in 1961 as a first novel by Joseph Heller, a former army bombardier who got combat experience in World War II from his base on the island of Corsica. Catch-22 became a classic American novel. Heller went on to write several other novels deriding bureaucracy and the military-industrial complex. Catch-22 follows the exploits of an Army bombardier during World War II. John Yossarian and his squadron were based on the small island of Pianosa in the Mediterranean. While the plot jumps all over the place in no chronological order, a story emerges. He loses his nerve for fighting when a man on his plane is killed and Yossarian realizes that the war will be ... ... of Baghdad, and the Sheik of Araby. These amazing facts about Milo seem to imply that he is more than one man. This is supported when Milo gives his syndicate the name M&M Enterprises, implying that it is not a one-man company. These observations led me to put some thought into Milo. I concluded that Milo was meant to symbolize the military-industrial complex that during the 1960s, when the book was written, caught the country in a Catch-22 and held it for decades. The more contracts and power were given to the companies, the more power they had to manipulate the rise and fall of Cold War tensions and continually bloat the military budget. But the companies were needed to combat the threat of Soviet power that hung over the country. There was a catch, and it was Catch-22. Bibliography Heller, Joseph. Catch-22. Dell Publishing Co., Inc, New York. 1961 Edition.

Parental Pressure

By: Kristin Brenner Parental Pressure = Late nights, Health risks, Confusion Why this may be occurring and strategies for elimination†¦ Some Parents Expectations: ? Adolescents should spend all or most of their time studying, instead of being able to socialize with their friends ? Adolescents should start producing good grades even at an early age of nine (Murphy, 2005) ? Adolescents should begin building Harvard-quality resumes Risks ? Mental Risks: ? Suicide The constant pressure to succeed leads to the contemplation of committing suicide o A study from Penn State University shows that out of 421 students, (227 females and 194 males) 19. 4%, contemplated committing suicide due to the enormous pressure from their parents to produce exceptional grades o Females are four times more likely to attempt suicide or a form of self-harm (Nutrition Heath Review, 1999). However, males are more likely to follow through with the act ? Identity & Self-esteem o When parents exert too much pre ssure the adolescent has limited time to explore possible furture options.Exploration is necessary to develop a healthy identity o If adolescents select their college major or future career based on parental pressure, the adolescent can develop a foreclosed identity. Foreclosure can lead to dissatisfaction during adulthood o Parental pressure can lead to lowered self-esteem, a lowered sense of assertiveness and less competence in school skills (Adams, 2001) ? Physical Risks: ? Sleep Deprivation o Parental pressure leads to physical exhaustion due to late night studying to produce good grades (Hung, 1999) ? Cheating o Parents apply a significant amount of pressure for good grades, ot knowledge, which can lead to cheating o In a survey done by Donald McCabe of over 2,100 students on over 21 campuses, one-third of adolescents attempted serious cheating on tests with half of the adolescents cheating on written assignments o Causes: Forced course load and a mentality of the need to succe ed that is instilled by some parents o Why: It is easier to cheat than continuously bear the pressure of handling the course load Where Parental Pressure Stems From: ? Parents anxiety, competitiveness, and cultural pressures (Murphy, 2005) ?Households where control is a central focus (Adams, 2001) ? Parental pressure increases as an adolescent gets older (Adams, 2001) Who Parental Pressure Affects: ? American children, parents are giving more directed academic guidance, support, and have higher educational aspirations and expectations for their children (Vernal, Campbell, & Beasley) ? Parents of higher socioeconomic status are more likely to expect their children to attain a higher education and higher level jobs than parents of lower socioeconomic status (Social System Influences) ?Affects children as early as age nine, with a greater number of parental pressure placed on males than females, but females are more likely to respond to the pressure (Vernal, Campbell, & Beasley) Strate gies For Adolescents To Eliminate Parental Pressure: (Price) ? Get conversation started by asking parents how their day was ? Make eye contact to show respect and make a serious impression ? Stay calm and do not overreact or interrupt, but stay open and objective ? Do not appear defensive ? Let your parents know that you feel that you can start to make some of your own decisions about your future endeavors ?Say â€Å"Thank you† no matter how the conversation ends. You need to remember that you and your parent are unique individuals and you may not always see eye to eye, so it may take numerous conversations for your point to be heard Adams, G. (2001, March 28). Pushing kids to excel often backfires, study fines. University Guelph on the web. Retrieved from http://www. uoguelph. ca/mediarel/archives/001135. html Hung, J. (1999). Surviving a year of sleepless nights. Newsweek, 134(12), 1. Moseman, J. (1999). My parents expect too much. Campus life, 58(3), 22-29. Price, S. , (n. d). How to talk to parents.Retrieved February 25, 2005, from http://www. channelone. com/news/exchange/news/2004/02/26/se_parental/ Social Systems Influences. Retrieved March 23, 2006, from http://faculty. tamucommerce. edu/crrobinson/512/socsys. htm Verna, M. A. , Campbell, J. R. , Beasley, M. (1997). Family processes, SES, and family structure differentially affect academic self-concepts and achievement of gifted high school students. American Educational Research Association Convention. (2003). Parental Pressures and Suicidal Thoughts. Nutrition Health Review: The Consumer's Medical Journa,l (85), 18.

Examine the overtones of Gothic horror in Edgar Allen Poe’s tale The Fall of the House of Usher Essay

The Gothic genre is an English genre that was most popular in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It is characterised by an atmosphere of mystery and terror. In order for a novel or poem to be considered as gothic, it must include some of the vital ingredients of the gothic genre. These characteristics include- the use of the supernatural (ghosts/spirits etc), use of dark and vast imagery, the theme of revenge (notably, the dead seeking justice), and a sense of foreboding (giving a hint of what’s to come later). â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher†, by Edgar Allen Poe, can be described as a Gothic novel in that it demonstrates many gothic characteristics, specifically in terms of setting and character. In gothic novels, the setting of a haunted house or castle is often used. It is usually an old, dark and decaying castle plagued by a curse. The motif of a haunted house is used prominently in the â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher†, and indeed the castle is the main setting of the story, and the centre of activity. From the start, we become aware of the dark and desolate nature of the house, as the unnamed narrator provides us with his first impressions. He informs us â€Å"I know not how it was: but, with the first glimpse of the building, a sense of insufferable gloom pervaded my spirit†. This immediately fills us with a sense of foreboding. We get the impression that all is not well in the House of Usher. In light of this, the use of descriptive setting in the gothic novel is a vital tool used to create a sense of mystery and tension. This is especially achieved through the frequent use of negative adjectives such as â€Å"dreary, â€Å"desolate†, â€Å"insufferable† and â€Å"decayed†. The use of foreboding is used frequently in the gothic novel. This involves providing the reader with subtle hints of what is going to happen. Many novels use descriptive settings to create this sense of doom. â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† is no exception as the reader is bombarded with fateful images of the â€Å"crumbling condition of the individual stones†. This use of the word â€Å"crumbling†, prepares us for the houses and the family’s eventual fate the house’s name is Usher it makes it hard for the reader to recognise the two as different. So when the narrator describes the house as â€Å"crumbling† this is also refers to the state of the family. Because of this use of foreboding, the gothic novel is often criticised for its utterly predictable nature. Interestingly, the unnamed narrator describes the house (an inanimate object), as having lifelike attributes, for example he describes â€Å"the vacant eyelike windows†. This use of personification helps to create a monster-like impression. As a result, the readers already strong fear of the setting becomes stronger. We get the impression that the house itself will generate any terror that is to follow. Descriptions of the house’s interior used when the narrator ventures into the house for the first time describes many secret passageways â€Å"sombre tapestries† and the † Black oaken floor†. This frequent use of the colour black is also an obvious attribute to the gothic genre. Another favourite horror device of the gothic novel finds a person trapped, for example, being hidden away in a dark cell. This is evident in Poe’s tale as Madeline is buried alive in a coffin- this is the ultimate entrapment. When talking of the coffin in which lady Madeleine was entombed in they describe it as â€Å"small, damp and entirely without means of admission for light; lying at great depth†. This use of confinement helps to achieve an almost suffocating effect and is extremely effective in creating fear on the readers’ part. Now I am going to discuss Poe’s use of character in the tale, and examine how it adheres to the gothic genre. Characters in the gothic novel are often very strange and eccentric. This is evident throughout when the narrator describes Roderick’s â€Å"Mad hilarity in his eyes† when Madeleine breaks from her tomb and his intricate song of imaginary things he seems to be in his own world and distances himself from the narrator and therefore the reader. The unnamed narrator’s descriptions of Roderick and Madeline’s physical attributes also helps to create this sense of eccentricity, for example he describes Rodericks â€Å"peculiar physical conformation†. They are described as rather sickly looking creatures with â€Å"ghastly pallor of skin† and â€Å"unheeded hair†. This strangeness of character deems Roderick and Madeline alien to the reader. It is these little eccentricities that stops the reader relating to the characters, making them seem more distant. As a result of this Madeline and Roderick become scary to the reader because as human beings we are instinctively scared of what we do not understand. The setting seems almost cursed with a depression that affects the unnamed narrator as it already has Roderick and Madeleine. The narrator’s whole personality is affected at just the sight of the house â€Å"An air of stern, deep, and irredeemable gloom hung over and pervaded all†. The characters all share the feeling of desolate loneliness even when they are all together this implies the house alters the relationship of the characters. The loneliness is symbolised by the size of the house its vastness is a metaphor for the emotional distance between the characters. DOPPELGANGER In terms of character, the relationship between Roderick and Madeline is highly important. They can be considered as doubles that is a frequent symbol of the gothic or horror novel and film. I argue that Poe was using Madeleine to represent the evil in Roderick this is what causes Roderick to bury her trying to suppress the evil in him, however he is unsuccessful as she breaks through the coffin, this shows that we cannot suppress evil inside us. This itself is a horrific idea. I am now going to examine the use of the double in the story. How are Madeline and Roderick usher similar? There are many examples- for example-As Roderick and Madeline are identical twins they obviously look very alike, they both suffer severe illnesses which affect there daily lives making them house bound this is interesting as they are spending so much time in the house the houses curse seems to affect them greatly even leading to their eventual death! The fact that lady Madeline and Roderick die at the same time could be caused by the fact the people believe that twins can feel what the other is feeling be that mentally or psychically. But there are many examples of them being opposites Roderick is male and Madeline is female she is strong he’s weak this is interesting as it contradicts my original theory. REMEMBER QUOTES. In conclusion to Edgar Allen Poe’s use of the typical traits of the gothic genre is rather obviously used in the fall of the house of usher. These overtones seem to add a sense of the unknown to the novel although gothic or horror novels are known for their predictability it is used effectively making the reader feel isolated from Roderick and Madeleine and closer to the narrator this is interesting as the reader actually knows more about the usher family than the narrator which usually causes the reader to support the person they know more about.

Dream Research Project Essay

What is a dream? Dreams are a symbol and link to the inner core of the human subconscious. Dreams as scientist say are stories our brains create while we are sleeping at night. Every dream is not the same, and their qualities depend, at least in part, on the stage of sleep in which they occur. There are different stages of sleep, REM sleep is the one dreams most appear in. REM stands for rapid eye movement in which brain activity is high and signaled by rapid horizontal movements of the eyes. Like all movies, dreams have story lines. Dreams in light sleep, stages 1 and 2, are like children’s movies short and simple. Dreams can be for as long as 20 minutes, to a few seconds. They can vary from normal and mundane, to surreal and bizarre. Dreams can often times drive creative thought, or provoke a sense of inspiration. Scientists believe everybody dreams, but sometimes we forget. We tend to forget when we naturally pass out of sleep through the traditional cycle. If a person is awoken directly from REM sleep (by an alarm clock), they are much more likely remember the dream from that REM cycle. Psychologists have also concluded that our daily activities while we are awake can have an affect on our dreams. However, scientists are unsure of what degree of an impact this makes on us. In one study a group of people wore red-tinted goggles before they went to sleep and there was another group that did not wear the goggles before they went to sleep. Even though anyone did not know the purpose of the study, when group that wore the goggles before they slept had woken the next morning, they had reported seeing more red images in their dreams than the people without goggles. According to First magazine, the average person has about 1. 460 dreams a year. That is 4 dreams every single day. In average you spend 10 to 30 percent of your sleeping time dreaming. You may think that vision is the only â€Å"dream sense† but it is not the only one. Vision is the prominent one, at least for sighted people. About half of all dreams an average person has have sound in them, but only 1 percent has taste, touch, or smell. However, a third of men and 40 percent of women have experienced smell or taste in a dream at least once in there life. Why do dreams occur? There is no shortage of theories as to why we dream. Some see dreaming as an important process through which all species with complex brains analyze and consolidate information. This is supported by the fact that most mammals dream. Other theories conclude that dreaming is nothing more than random brain activity that has little to no logical relevance. Another theory is that dreams reveal wishes or desires we are not aware of during waking hours. Unrelated to that completely another theory is that the human brain contains an ample overload store of information, memories, and emotions. During sleep, nerve cells fire at random, throwing bits of all of them together in random, wild ways. One of the first theories regarding dreams and dreaming was that Sigmund Freud. According to Sigmund Freud, dreams were heavy in symbolism and often showed the true intent and emotions of a human being. Freud saw dreams as wish fulfillment: disguised ways to satisfy unconscious desires that are too upsetting to face consciously. Dreams might therefore offer clues to unconscious conflicts. Freud For instance, sexual desires might appear in a dream as the rhythmic motions of a horseback ride, or conflicting feelings about a parent might appear as a dream about a fight. Freud called dreams the â€Å"royal road† to the knowledge of the unconscious mind. Freud’s analysis of dreams brought about much controversy, especially amongst contemporary psychologists. Psychologists of today believe that dreams do have meaning; however, meaning is based upon the individual, not a set logic or theory as proposed by Freud. A very popular theory today is that dreaming specifically through REM sleep is essential for making memories. Several observations support hypothesis. For one when learning a new skill, REM sleep episodes are more frequent and last longer. When the new skill is mastered, those measures drop back to the normal average. Also during REM sleep, areas in the brain’s memory forming regions appear to â€Å"replay† patterns of nerve firing associated with the new learning.

Current Event Fashion Ysl

Paige Restivo Fashion Fundamentals Assignment #2 Current Event Yvan Mispelaere Out as DVF Creative Director September 12, 2012 â€Å"After two-and-a-half years as creative director at Diane von Furstenberg, Yvan Mispelaere is out the door. † (Rosemary Feitelberg) The article I haven chosen was published during fashion week shortly after the DVF spring 2013 runway show. It grabbed my attention because the title claiming creative director Yvan was gone and I knew that the show had just went on. His departure was announced 48 hours after the show.Mispelaere had worked with many designers before DVF, such as Yves Saint Laurent, Chloe, Valentino, Luis Feraud and Gucci just before DVF in march. He was very talented but never known for sticking to one project. Mispelaere was in for the challenge of it, he said earlier in the week, â€Å"I came to DVF to help further the brand’s mission and create a world-class design team. I am confident we have been able to achieve that duri ng my time with the company. I can’t thank Diane enough for the opportunity to work with her and such talented people. The group is now well-positioned for even greater success, and I am eager to take on my next challenge. . I noticed a significant up bringing in Diane von Furstenberg's line shortly after Yvan had joined the team, in past years DVF had been known but not the way it is now. Yvan Mispelaere felt his job was done and it was time for time next. I think the most propionate points of this article was when press had asked von Furstenberg to comment on behalf of his departure nothing but kind words were said. Von Furstenberg thinks he added â€Å"enormous value†, and is more than thankful to have had him join the team to help further them in each direction.Even though Yvan Mispealere had left DVF without a creative director, they are not eager to replace him just yet. Thankfully shortly before Yvan leaving DVF, they had just signed on Joel Horowitz as co-chair man. Down one man, but still have another to help run things smoothly. They are determined to keep DVF growing and becoming more of a world class brand. I enjoyed reading this article because I think drama in the fashion world is interesting, but shortly after analyzing this article I realized there actually wasn't any major drama.Yvan would move on to his next big project, and Diane von Furstenberg was just happy to have had him to help. Closing this article was a comment by von Furstenberg – â€Å"I hope Yvan will immediately put his signature on the collection, I’m curious to see his slant. But it will still be DVF. † Rosemary Feitelberg (2012). Yvan Mispelaere Out as DVF Creative Director. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www. wwd. com/fashion-news/designer-luxury/yvan-mispelaere-out-as-dvf-creative-director-6274810. [Last Accessed September 14, 2012].

Attachment and Infant Child Care Centers

There are many advantages in an infant and toddlers emotional attachment to caregivers. Infants pay special attention to attachment figures. This attention helps the child learn from how the adult reacts and how they speak. Infants learn through informal direction, not a formal lesson or instruction from a teacher. Infants and toddlers learn how to respond to events based on how their caregiver(s) react. Emotional reactions affect an infant or toddlers response to an event. The child learns from caregivers what to think about things (a toy, a spider, an open door). This kind of learning comes from observation of the caregiver’s facial expression, gestures, posture, and tone of voice. Infants carefully observe the responses of attachment figures to unfamiliar events. Emotional attachment to child care providers helps infants learn about emotional reactions during the many hours they are at the child care center, just as they would do if they were cared for at home throughout the day. Infants and toddlers also learn by exploring their surroundings, but they refrain from doing so unless an attachment figure is present. This is because the child views the attachment figure as a â€Å"secure base†, a place where they can go to in order to feel safe when there are unknown objects or strangers around. When a child is securely emotionally attached to an adult, they will make short ventures into an unfamiliar environment, occasionally looking back at the secure base for emotional support. If an attachment figure is not present, then the child is much less likely to explore and may stay in one spot, crying or rocking themselves to soothe their anxiety. Infants and toddlers are able to emotionally attach to people who are biologically unrelated to them. Infants and toddlers have no more than three or four emotional attachment figures. Developing emotional attachments to caregivers in a child care center does not take away from the child’s primary emotional attachment to their parents. Although a child who has a revolving door of caregivers will probably not develop a secure attachment to any of them, it is common for infants to have secure attachments to mother and father, a primary caregiver, and another caregiver who regularly comes to take care of the child. The child care center itself can either help or hinder attachment. If a child is to develop an emotional attachment to their caregiver, she must have the opportunity to spend long periods of time with hat child, to be reliably available to respond to the child’s needs and communications, and to have responsibility for a small enough number of children. Good child care center policies will want to encourage child-caregiver attachment. In order to do so the center would structure the classroom schedule so that the caregiver can talk and play with each child for periods of time every day. She will know each child’s likes or dislikes, their facial expressions, vocalizations, and other methods of c ommunication used by each child in her care, and she will respond to these communications in a helpful, playful, and affectionate way. This style of regular attention and responsiveness is where attachment is built. Another important factor in the development of attachment to child care providers pertains to a caregiver’s salary. In order to maintain a consistent staff at any child care center, (and thus building secure emotional attachments with children), caregivers must be paid a worthy wage that reflects the hard work that they perform. This can reduce the number of revolving door teachers (teachers who come and go within weeks or months of being hired).

Rene Descarte Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Rene Descarte - Essay Example This arguments by Descartes, illustrates the need of self assessment before making conclusions. A person (thinking being) is subject to doubt, hence must first be skeptic about everything in order to end up making informed judgment. This point can be elaborated through an example for instance one sees a bottle of water. His eyes tell him that it is there. Since this person has the premise that what his eyes see is in fact real (or existing) it means that he knows that the bottle exists (p.72). When he say that it exists it means it has certain properties that indicate that it exists. No one can say that something exists without acknowledging the properties. Existence without the knowledge of its properties is even more illogical than deriving a conclusion that existence of self also encompasses the nature of self. When Renà © Descartes say that he thinks therefore he exists, it means that he is aware of what he is and what his nature is. Otherwise there is no existence. Every existence has its properties; be it divine authority like God or as trivial as a plastic water bottle. The objection of Descartes’s claim rests with the understanding of premise. If the critics accept the premise when Renà ©e says that something exists, he also bases this by understanding some properties. The philosopher has some understanding of the nature and properties of the object. This existence theory can also be related to the existence of God. For instance Renà © has confirmed many times that he doesnt understand God. But he knows that he exists, it means he is aware of certain godlike properties. No one has to have full understanding of something to know that it exists.

Irelands Governmental Policies on the Iris Republican Army Essay

Irelands Governmental Policies on the Iris Republican Army - Essay Example Their land was confiscated and distributed amongst the British soldiers as the promised recompense. To have a firm social and political control over the newly annexed territories, British rule adopted a unique policy of 'plantation' of settlers from England, Wales and Scotland, with far-reaching consequences. All classes of settlers brought their kith and kin to Ireland banishing the native Catholic population into the mountains. The Protestant settler thus marginalized Catholic Irish Nationalists and grew into the majority community mainly in Northern Ireland. In about 65 years the Catholic population was reduced to almost a quarter (Appendix 'A') 2. The end result was foisting a foreign community on the northern parts of Ireland, which spoke a different language, represented an alien culture and way of life who enforced repugnant land laws. With the partition of the island in 1921 Ulster became a Protestant dominated area while the rest of the island was having Catholic majority. This created the 'triple minority' scenario (Cunningham 9) 3, a verdant ground for social conflicts. The native Catholics found themselves a minority in the newly created Northern Ireland, while Protestants turned into a minority in the Republic of Ireland as a whole. None wish to lose their domination and to avoid becoming a minority opposed formation of Republic of Ireland. And finally, within the United Kingdom as such, the Irish were a minority compared to the English majority. Thus a 'triple minority' scenario was shaping the future course of events. Such a situation instills fear of victimization in any minority community. The seeds of the conflict were thus sown in the fertile plantations of Ulster during early 18th century where incongruous groups of people cohabited backstabbing one another. The Stakeholders There are many organizations involved with the destiny of the British Isles. A study of them will be useful to fully understand their role in the conflict. These interested groups can be broadly divided into three - The British Govt., The Unionists and The Nationalists. Unionists. They believed in a unified nation of the 'United Kingdom of Great Britain and Irelandand' and opposed Home Rule but eventually settled for the state of Northern Ireland. The unionist main political party was the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP), which ruled Northern Ireland from 1921 to 1972. Another political outfit was the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP), which was extremely anti-nationalist but was not very popular with the voters. Both were against the involvement of the Irish Republic in Northern Ireland affairs and were not willing to share power with non-Unionist parties. Later stages they were also highly suspicion of Britain's motives in Northern Ireland. Nationalists. The Nationalists believed in a unified Ireland. Their main political party was the Social Democratic and Labor Party (SDLP), which contested the Nationalist vote bank with Sinn Fein, the political arm of the militant Irish Republican Army (IRA). The SDLP accepted the constitutional stipulation requiring majority support of Northern Ireland for unification. The other nationalist party Sinn Fein, which greatly influenced the course of events, believed in violent

Executive Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 12

Executive Summary - Essay Example Friedman presents three phases of globalization: globalization 1.0 presents countries globalizing, globalization 2.0 presents companies globalizing and globalization 3.0 entails individuals and small groups globalizing. Fried’s argument is based on two major tenets: the ten flatteners of 1990s and the triple convergence in 2000. Friedman presents the collapse of Berlin wall, netscape, workflow software, open sourcing, outsourcing, offshoring, supply chaining, insourcing, and in-forming and the steroids as the ten forces that flattened the world. Friedman further argues that when the ten forces converged in 200, the product was a flat world. Similarly, in Hans Rosling’s lecture â€Å"Hans Roslings 200 Countries, 200 Years, 4 Minutes - The Joy of Stats,† he explores the development of the world in the past present as well as the future using massive quantities of public data. Rosling presents to his audience the tale of the world focusing on 200 countries in a period of 200 years by use of 120,000 numbers within 4 minutes. Rosling also conveys the concept of technological advancement spurring globalization where he issues an example of a technology in San Francisco that keeps the entire city under police watch and help curb crime. He asserts that statistics is the basis through which human confusion is eliminated and brings out a vivid picture of how the world was, is and will be. A flat world impacts international businesses in various ways. First, it leads to increased level of competition because firms can easily get access to new markets across the flat world. Second, it leads to increase in business opportunities. Finally, it gives rise to multi-national and cross-cultural management, which is a big challenge to managers. Both Rosling and Friedman present how globalization has flattened then world over time. The world has become one leveled playing field for multinational

Services Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Services Management - Essay Example For Virgin Trains and any other business for that matter, to realize improved service delivery and performance emanating from effective service process and people management, it is imperative that the business’ processes are aligned with the wants, needs, preferences, and tastes of its clients and employees. Such an alignment is quite an effective approach in promoting business effectiveness, efficiency, flexibility, technology use, and innovativeness. In addition, there should be a continuous attempt by the company to improve its processes. In other words, the firm should adopt a "process optimization process." This approach replaces the functionally focused and traditionally hierarchical management approaches that most businesses practice with more effectiveness and capabilities to generate revenues and reduce costs. Importantly, Virgin Trains ought to regard its service processes, service people, and resources as strategic assets, which must be well managed, understood, and constantly improved to help the business add value to its products and services. Finally, Virgin Trains may adopt sound process governance in which it would allocate its processes and work towards realizing its objectives in both its operational and progress-related sections.

Events and Exhibition in the Digital Age Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Events and Exhibition in the Digital Age - Essay Example He says. "In the United States, 14 to 15 percent of the marketing budget [of exhibiting companies] is dedicated to trade shows. In Europe, the percentage is 22 to 24 percent," A good exhibition creates a vibrant retail environment, which in itself is a unique experience for all kinds of companies especially those in the business-to-business arena and service sectors. This unique thing about an exhibition is that it creates a neutral environment in which buying and selling is a natural process. At exhibitions, business just happens. An exhibition visitor is much more at ease than a customer walking into a store. Visitors at an exhibition or a trade show feel more in control and therefore less pressured or edgy. This is a good mood for them to have when you open up a business dialogue with them. Firstly, your company gets a chance to sell to hundreds of customers a day. If the product is right, the price offer is attractive, the packaging is enticing then you could close outright orders with full payment/ part down payment. For the sellers, exhibitions are a substantial opportunity to meet new prospects. Whether they close the sale then and there depends on the type of goods or services they offer. However, exhibitions provide the single best opportunity to interact with thousands of prospective customers. This gives the seller a chance to let the prospect know about the products offered, note their responses, find out what they think about the brand/ product, its features, price, quality, standing in the market, how much money they are willing to spend on such a product, the competition. For some product lines this first hand information is very important in order to improve their offering in terms of price and other attributes. Some exhibitions provide you with an opportunity to organize a private audience with prospect customers giving you the opportunity to make a high impact impression on them because you are able to attack all of their senses and they can interact with you and see/touch/feel your products, through demonstrations and trials. Apart from the marketing angle, Exhibitions also give you a place where you can do some hands on research, meet and talk to your competitors, potential suppliers, learn about the new developments in your product line. If you have a new idea in the pipeline, exhibitions can be a great place to do some test marketing and find out how the market is going to respond. Exhibitions provide the companies an opportunity, 1. to sell the products directly to large number of customers 2. to get a database of prospective customers to follow up 3. to raise awareness of your business in a given geographic location 4. to launch or promote a new product or service 5. to meet existing customers and sell maintenance contracts etc. 6. to meet potential suppliers/partners/agents/distributors An exhibition is a real opportunity to display the personality of a business. What's in it for the visitors/ customers/ general public. First of all, visitors to exhibitions and events are motivated to attend for