Reality TV Essay -- essays research papers

Unscripted television: The Rise of a New Show â€Å"The Contender†      One of the most up to date shows to hit by far most of unscripted television shows that as of now exist is The Contender. The Contender is a show that centers around all the difficulties, preparing, agony, and problems that a fighter, who is planning to battle, must persevere. The Contender will be an extremely fruitful show, since it has the qualities of crude feeling that can’t be discovered when an executive is shouting ‘action,’ and ‘cut.’ By crude feeling I imply that the watcher has motivation to watch the TV program because of an enthusiastic connection, other than the unimportant diversion esteem, or for the love of the game of boxing. Watchers begin to look all starry eyed at, however rather than characters, they can become hopelessly enamored with real individuals. Unscripted tv is something that has become a significant piece of the broadcast business. The inspiration and achievement of these shows depends on the way that none of the shows are ever scripted. Numerous pundits marked the unscripted tv appear as a prevailing fashion, or as something that would not last. Nonetheless, unscripted television has demonstrated to be an incredible inverse. Unscripted television won't leave, yet rather keeps on developing and over require significant investment openings of other scripted shows. Watchers can identify with the individuals who are separated of these shows in light of the fact that the watchers realize that the individuals that they are starting to appreciate, and basically, love, are genuine. I don't imply that entertainers are basically machines, yet the characters they love are the equivalent cha...

Abortion as a Сurrent Public Policy Issue

Fetus removal as a Ð ¡urrent Public Policy Issue Fetus removal as a present open strategy issue/contention in the news today Controversies emerge as a result of various assessments of individuals because of individual uniqueness in convictions, sensible thinking, strict, political, and social monetary foundations that regularly lead to warmed and pugnacious conversations. While there are various open arrangement issues, the paper tables the degree, cost, strategies, arrangements, partners, and foundations that address fetus removal in the United States of America as an issue disclosed in the news nowadays.Advertising We will compose a custom research project test on Abortion as a Ð ¡urrent Public Policy Issue explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thousands of issues appear to be directly according to lion's share, yet are engaging the minority or people profiting by them (Lejano, Leong, 2012, p. 796). The factious subject on fetus removal is a worry for open as portrayed by the cooperation of a few people in today ’s news everywhere throughout the world. In any case, in taking a gander at the central issues identified with fetus removal, instruction, legitimate and activism, sex and sexism, medication and substance misuse, and social insurance change can't be overemphasized considering the way that premature birth is a procedure and not a mishap. The inquiry about whether or not the legislature ought to legitimize fetus removal has hit the ongoing news with Americans having isolated sentiments. The United States’ premature birth techniques lighted open consideration in 2010 and 2011 (Campbell, 2011, p.963: Gerwin, 2012, p. 632). Rivals pressure that life starts at origination, and in this way fetus removal delivers excruciation in the unborn kid. Defenders guarantee that inability to sanction fetus removal causes pregnant ladies to select to dangerous premature birth techniques and that administrative or strict authority ought not confine their fetus removal rights (Bisignano, 2 009, p. 745). Thus, the issue has seen the rise of social and political activists who have spellbound the discussion on premature birth so as to pick up notoriety inside people in general. In my view, it doesn't make a difference the sides where one has a place with as long as the contentions can withstand the trial of time, are in accordance with the major opportunities and privileges of the individuals, and are as per cultural good guidelines and standards. Both the defenders and rivals recognize that premature birth is an issue of life and demise, which is practiced out of one’s individual activities. Much the same as death, fetus removal doesn't separate dependent on the practitioner of the demonstration whether a very much educated or uneducated mother, poor or rich mother, youthful or old mother, under or not affected by drug.Advertising Looking for research project on open organization? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The results and goals are connected (Gerwin, 2012, p. 634). Be that as it may, any endeavor to limit the dependable premature birth discussion should target changing people’s disposition towards sex, medication, and substance misuse that upgrade early or spontaneous pregnancies among ladies. Furthermore, counteraction is superior to fix. With unlimited contentions on fetus removal, sufficient training and mindfulness just as appropriate human services changes on premature birth are unavoidable. Portrayal and examination of the extent of premature birth Throughout history, fetus removal techniques have regularly been risky since they can bring about genuine wounds and here and there death to the ladies. The principal contention for permitting premature birth has been to annul dangerous fetus removal strategies done in social orders where fetus removal was unlawful and without the help of masters. The variety in contentions on issues of fetus removal is for sure an open c oncern (Campbell, 2011, p.967). The two adversaries and defenders somewhat acknowledge that fetus removal can go about if all else fails under unavoidable conditions, for example, when a womans life is in danger and additionally if there should arise an occurrence of assault or interbreeding (Pollman, 2012, p. 185). The people group contends that careful and clinical premature births are the most well-known kinds of fetus removal strategies utilized by ladies while helpful, elective, unconstrained, and initiated premature births are seldom utilized (Lejano, Leong, 2012, p. 807). In any case, passing of the newborn child or mother or both may happen whether a master helps all the while. As per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in excess of 80% of the US areas give premature birth administrations where an expected multiple times dark ladies as white ladies do fetus removal every day (Uscinski, 2009, p. 798). The authoritative institution and alteration on premature birth is another crucial open concern. The change guarantees that government prohibition on open financing for fetus removal shapes a piece of the States’ constitution so as to lessen the extent of the State security law. Also, the national premature birth detailing laws and arrangements in America neglect to advise and control on issues identified with open strategy in a convenient way (Gerwin, 2012, p. 642). The US began condemning premature birth since 1821. Doctors predominantly affected the move dreading its security. By 1965, the whole US had prohibited fetus removal. Be that as it may, as per World Health Organization Report discharged in 2006, every year, fetus removal causes a few maternal passings in locales where it isn't lawful (Uscinski, 2009, p. 998). For this situation, individuals talk about issues of life and passing and issues emerging from the authorization and illegalization of fetus removal (Campbell, 2011, p.972). Consistence with fetus removal announci ng laws has likewise demonstrated troublesome. There is the failure of finding out the contributions of different ailments to maternal passings and giving total reports on premature birth (Pollman, 2012, p. 199).Advertising We will compose a custom research project test on Abortion as a Ð ¡urrent Public Policy Issue explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Lack of solid estimations makes count of the relative wellbeing and threat of actuated fetus removal and conveyance not reasonable. The test has spackled an open discussion. Also, general wellbeing organizations can't authorize the current announcing laws making it dangerous in understanding the main problems about premature birth. The partners and influenced voting demographics Issues of fetus removal don't have explicit partners since they cut over all humankind. Be that as it may, the humankind can be arranged into essential, auxiliary, and key partners. Recipients are the individuals who target picking up either cash or administration from the premature birth process. They incorporate people who are encountering the hazard for a specific issue or abortionists and the individuals who help in completing the procedure: the doctors (Gerwin, 2012, p. 650). Optional partners include those straightforwardly engaged with recipients, for example, guardians, companions, kin, youngsters, companions, instructors, guides. Auxiliary partners additionally include individuals whose occupations or lives can be affected by the premature birth process particularly in the event that they do or neglect to report the demonstration of fetus removal (Lejano, Leong, 2012, p. 811). They involve network individuals, managers, temporary workers, owners, police, and other law authorization offices. Key partners incorporate those with an enthusiasm for the fetus removal result and the individuals who can impact choices government authorities and arrangement producers (Uscinski, 2009, p. 805). Government authorities and arrangement creators, for example, state or bureaucratic organizations, governors, neighborhood board individuals, and administrators have the duty of formulating, passing, and authorizing laws and guidelines, which might satisfy the set objectives (Uscinski, 2009, p. 812). In deed, if the administrations permitted ladies to prematurely end superfluously, a portion of the world’s extraordinary pioneers and researchers would not have been conceived. On the off chance that demise happens, the families and networks wherein it happens are influenced mentally, socially, financially, and strategically (Campbell, 2011, p.966). Ladies, their mates, and the unborn are the immediate bearers of the results of premature birth. As indicated by Breast Cancer Prevention Institute (BCPI) and the Catholic Medical Association (CMA) in 2006, fetus removal improves the probability of ladies creating bosom malignant growth and future unsuccessful labors (Pollman, 2012, p. 206). Pertinent politic al foundations to the strategy conversation about Abortion Even however doctors don't engage social, social, and strict issues in breaking down the connection between fetus removal governmental issues and approaches, premature birth has end up being a troublesome policy driven issue in the United States since the rule of Roe Wade (Pollman, 2012, p. 183). Political establishments are focal in the issue.Advertising Searching for research paper on open organization? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Subsequently, through federalism, legal audit, and a private human services framework, the Americans consider fetus removal basically as an individual right instead of a clinical prerequisite (Uscinski, 2009, p. 814). The nature and structure of the US ideological groups offer premature birth defenders and rivals the chance to start and oblige fetus removal issue in their political plan. Lawful multifaceted nature, political factors, structures, and qualities are answerable for advancement of fetus removal strategy. Political foundations and philosophies â€Å"†¦affect the nature and timing of strategy choices on fetus removal in this way contributing unmistakably to approach contrasts across nations† (Bejesky, 2012, p. 967). The discussion encompassing the subject of fetus removal shone in the US Congress human services banter in 2010 with the adversaries and advocates in the House of Representatives and the Senate exchanging allegations. Dissimilar to the defenders who need equivalent treatment of all in the medicinal services administrations, rivals of fetus removal didn't need recipients of protection endowments to get Federal subsidizing for any premature birth (Gerwin, 2012, p. 645). The wellbeing vehicle

Thanksgiving on First East Team Bemis makes hand turkeys!!

Thanksgiving on First East Team Bemis makes hand turkeys!! My first installment of The Adventures of Team Bemis: Some extremely attractive and well-mannered members of Team Bemis spent Saturday night a couple of weeks ago putting their creative minds to use designing and implementing capable lovable hand turkeys. For those unfamiliar with the concept, the steps involved in making a hand turkey are as follows: 1.) Stock up on supplies (construction paper, glitter, glue, markers, finger-paints Are you a kindergarten teacher? asks the sales clerk. No, says Kelly. Theyre for my friends at uhnevermind). 2.) Gather friends and followers. 3.) Trace the outline of your hand (preferably the hand you do not use to trace with) on construction paper. 4.) Cut along the lines. 5.) Repeat. Or not. Whatever. 6.) Decorate! Observe! This is us making hand turkeys: Kelly (09) demonstrates step one in purple: Louis (07) can do it without looking: Happy Jonathan (07) and Mary (our GRT): Something is not right with this picture: More pictures: All done, we put our names on our turkeys and they sat proudly on our doors, perched in greeting of the coming holiday. You can tell a lot about someones personality by the hand turkeys they create. Louis chose a more classic design: Kelly went with something a bit more fun: Mine was heavily cubist-influenced: Marys was very very glittery: Jonathans was furry and kind of mad: Try it yourself! But whats thanksgiving without a feast? The denizens of First East (East Campus) held our annual hall thanksgiving this past Sunday (before everyone left) complete with a big delicious dinner we all sat down to eat like a big ol happy family. Our lovely and gracious host this year was Kelly (09) who gave commands and oversaw the operations in the kitchen all day. The preparations moved along like a well-oiled machine under her stern but gentle leadership and for the first time (ever?) dinner was served on time (6 oclock sharp!). Scenes from the kitchen. The lighting was dim and people were stepping on me so these pictures are kinda bad. No matter: Janet (07) mashing potatoes like a champ: Helen (07) doing something with asparagus: Yeah, there were more but they were REALLY bad. Oh by the way every hall in East Campus has a kitchen. Because we do not have a dining hall. By the end of this entry you wont want a dining hall either ;-) I stayed out of the way for the most part (I blister easily) except to run errands and pass supplies around. Things sure were festive! Everyone gathered round with their spoons and forks for the food unveiling. Mike (08) is excited about Thanksgiving: First round of food (special thanks to the turkeys who gave their lives Betsy and Gobblin Tom): The hostess steps out to greet her guests: Readysetgo. Louis (07) can carve turkeys with his pecs but out of modesty he used a knife this time: Pattie (08) and Quentin (10) are very serious about Thanksgiving. Clockwise from top-left to bottom-left: mashed potatoes, stuffing, stuffed peppers, more stuffing with bacon, green bean casserole. Some point during the meal faces appeared at the window. Which would have been pretty creepy if they werent so darn happy. They were invited to our party. And even dessert! All in all, it was a happy day (this is Holly (07) and Louis): (this is Paul (09) Katie (06) and Jonathan) Then we all locked ourselves in our rooms indefinitely to study for our tests in EVERY CLASS! Yay! The end! Hope ya had a nice Thanksgiving! If not, theres always next year :) Post Tagged #East Campus

Evaluation Of A Qualitative Study - 908 Words

The type of study that was utilized is known as a qualitative study. A qualitative study is a study in which data is gathered without altering the surroundings. Within the area of human research, a qualitative study can present evidence about the health conditions, actions, and viewpoints that occur naturally in a particular group (research design, n.d). When researchers are required to interact with participants, surveys or interviews may be utilized to gather required data. In descriptive studies where the researcher does not communicate with the participant, observational studies of individuals in an environment, and studies containing data collection using current records are utilized (research design, n.d). The purpose of the†¦show more content†¦Accomplishing understanding involves awareness of the reasons RN’s have decided to leave the nursing profession. The literature review discovered limited research in regards to nurses who are not practicing clinically. A phenomenological research design was used to support a detailed perspective of nurses’ decisions to depart from the clinical nursing practice. The objective of qualitative phenomenological research is to depict a â€Å"lived experience† of a phenomenon (Waters, 2016). The participant explains the lived phenomenal experience which is used to gather information within a phenomenological study. Researchers may use an interview to collect the participants’ account of the experiences, or the participant may provide a written or oral report (Waters, 2016). The study’s conceptual model or theoretical framework helps guide future research to build a scientific knowledge base. The research provided fits well into the nursing practice. Acknowledging when nurses appear to be discouraged, troubled, or socially secluded may assist in retaining future registered nurses. Analyzing the nurses’ perceptions in more detail will be advantageous to nurses’, patient’s, families, and eventually enhance the quality of care. The participants were relevant to the research questions. The sample consisted of RN’s with at least 1 year of clinical experience and no clinical practice within the previous 6 months. Nurses with additional years of

Characteristics of Art History Extended Essay Topics

Characteristics of Art History Extended Essay Topics Focus on designers who focus on a particular industry niche. Before worrying about research, however, you must choose a subject and a topic. Getting your newspaper printed by our skilled authors is actually uncomplicated, though you will be running over a smaller funds. Getting your newspaper released by our specialist authors is actually simple, although you chance to be running on the minimal funds. Vital Pieces of Art History Extended Essay Topics You may only take an overall idea from it. As an outsider, it's tricky to say that there's an absolutely right decision about your selection of subject. Quite simply, the topic has to be something debatable. If you're really stuck trying to discover a not too broad or narrow topic, I would recommend attempting to brainstorm a topic that employs a comparison. Without tasting smelling touching or hearing it may be difficult to find oneself in an alternate universe through a sheet of art work that was the artists intended purpose. Tradition commonly dictates that they're thwarted and lose in the long run. There's no exception for art. Facts, Fiction and Art History Extended Essay Topics Moreover, it's your opportunity to research any issue from the past that isn't included in your school curriculum. Given that tutorial essays are typical in the area of schooling and exploration, you should be certain your writing is just as reasonable, exciting and enlightening. Finding a whole country to go from the company of normal life to mobilizing to defeat an enemy is an intimidating job, and an attractive illustration followed by a great deal of small text was not likely to do it. What's truly puzzling, nevertheless, is that the 3 participants in the crime each tell a wholly different story of the husband's death. Above the duration of the tutorial occupation, you will be asked for to compose a great deal of essays and papers on several subjects, based on the coaching routine. It seriously isn't really effortless to supply an important essay because it wants a sizable quantity of your time and comprehension. Over the duration of your respective educational occupation, you may be asked for to compose a good deal of papers and essays on several subject areas, based on the teaching computer software. Over the duration of the educational profession, you will be asked for to compose many papers and essays on lots of subjects, based on the schooling approach. The End of Art History Extended Essay Topics History essays find it impossible to center on subjects that occurred in the last ten years that's simply not history. You will receive exclusive texts, which will be concluded in time. You will receive exceptional texts, that'll be concluded in time. You will probably acquire distinctive texts, which has the ability to be concluded in time. The 5-Minute Rule for Art History Extended Essay Topics Really, you are going to be abl e to coordinate employing the author on line and go over your assignments. Essentially, you will figure out how to coordinate while using the author on line and go over your assignments. In reality, you're likely to be capable of coordinate along with the author on line and speak about your assignments. In truth, it is possible to satisfy with all the author on line and concentrate on your research. Things You Won't Like About Art History Extended Essay Topics and Things You Will For instance, if you want for merely a 10-page essay, you're likely to truly will need to include just 5 web pages. Additionally, it is also going to provide knowledge based on various writing and research procedures. No one in the history of school has ever requested to compose a term paper but with preparation and a superb subject, you can produce the research fun and receive a fantastic grade. In an Applied Chemistry essay, students may use any preceding data as a key source but, it ought to be analysed personally and ought to be evaluated. Persuasive essay on why students ought to be allowed cell phones in elementary i want my children to have a mobile phone in school in the event of an. They really need to prepare just about every motion that choose and do not have free time for his or her personal lifetime. They really have to prepare just about every motion that consider and do not have free time for his or her non-public lifetime. They need to approach each individual motion that get and do not have free time for his or her personal lifetime. Irrespective of your want is very likely to be, it's surely apparent that you decide to need to have both help in assignment or assist with thesis. Basically, you are going to be able to coordinate with all the author on line and talk about your assignments. Art History Extended Essay Topics - the Conspiracy The majority of the folks have a tendency to run away from politics and thus the politics essays also, therefore it is quite important to grab the eye of the readers till the conclusion of the essay and that would be much difficult I know. Normally, it's really simple to locate fully free essay, but there exists an additional dilemma for receiving the essay, which you definitely need to have. Usually, it genuinely is extremely straightforward to discover wholly free essay, but there exists yet one more challenge to get the essay, which you genuinely will need to have. You may create the identical kind of essay regardless of what design the quetion will take. You only need to look closer to get some amazing art essay ideas. The exact same happens if we are looking for art essay ideas. Before writing your final essay, you will need to learn the principles of writing.

Mobile Communication Satellite Systems Free Essays

string(115) " a satellite is in its orbit, its orbit is also affected by the presence of other bodies such as the Moon and Sun\." Introduction In this era of 21st century one cannot imagine human life without mobile communication. From mobile handsets to computers, smart-phones to laptops, iPads and Cable Television systems everything is part of this mobile communication era. As the countries are progressing, competition among them is increasing all over the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Mobile Communication Satellite Systems or any similar topic only for you Order Now With the advancement in technology lives of people are getting faster and busier, businesses and industries are expanding globally, therefore, the demand for mobile communication is increasing immensely with every passing day. Scientists, researchers and engineers are always looking for ways to serve the world with this demanding technology in every possible way. During the last 25 years there has been a tremendous growth in the field of satellite communication. The idea of using the Satellite Systems for mobile communication has appealed to many people in the past and it still continue to do so. There has been an extensive research going on in this particular area globally. A lot of progress has been achieved so far but it is a fact that advancement in technology can probably never end. As the demand for communication is increasing, means and resources to carry out this communication are often limited. For instance if communication of information is to take place between the countries that are hundreds of miles apart, across the ocean, the typical wired medium cannot always be used. And also how are we supposed to communicate when we are not connected to the land communication systems by any meansHere satellite systems come into play. With the help of satellite systems we can provide mobile communication services even to very fast moving vehicles, to the aircrafts during flights, to ships and submarines in oceans, and also to remote areas of earth where there is no communication infrastructure. So in this way we are able to provide services to the areas where application of wired cable medium is not always practically possible. Satellites are the object that revolves around the earth in fixed orbits. These satellites are at typically 400 km to 36000 km above the earth surface. Our purpose of communication over long distances is served by these satellites. Another advantage of using the satellite systems for communication is that they can cover a very large geographical area over the earth surface to provide communication means. When we are using a satellite system we are not limited by the problem factors that we encounter on earth such as laying hundreds of miles of expensive cables, space and land to store machinery and equipment to handle this sort of communication, buildings to handle all the infrastructure needed etc. Therefore, Satellite Systems are often given a thought as a better alternative for mobile communication. Before we look into the details of how mobile communication takes place through these satellites, we need to first understand the satellite systems in general as well to have a better understanding of how the whole technology works. Satellites are sent into space from earth. When in space above the earth surface, these satellites are made to revolve around the earth in fixed orbits with the help of gravitational force of the earth. To understand the phenomenon we can take a very simple and well known example from nature and that is of the Moon. Moon is the natural satellite and as it revolves around the earth, it shines over a huge geographical region of the earth. In a similar fashion, man made artificial satellites, though not as big as the moon but still, covers a considerably large section of the earth to provide communication. These artificial telecommunication satellites can be in four different kinds of orbits above the earth surface depending on the purpose they were sent into space. These can either be geo-stationary orbits, elliptical orbits, medium earth orbit or low earth orbits. In geo-stationary orbits, as shown in Figure 1, the satellite remains at a fixed location over the earth surface which means it covers the same geographical region of the earth. Figure1: Geo-Stationary Orbit Elliptical orbits are used when satellites are required to cover a certain geographical area of the earth for longer period of time than the other geographical region of the earth. Figure 2 displays in general a satellite in an elliptical orbit. Figure2: Elliptical Orbiting Satellite Medium earth orbit is between 5000 km to 15000 km above the earth surface. While in low earth orbits, satellites revolve around the earth in circular orbit at about 400 km above the earth surface. Figure 3 depicts the low earth orbits (LEO) and medium earth orbits (MEO) of a satellite. Figure3: LEO and MEO orbiting Satellite Three types of services can be offered by a telecommunication satellite. First is FSS (Fixed Satellite Services), which is for long distance telecommunication services provided by different telecommunication networks on earth stations. Second is DBS (Direct Broadcast Satellite services), which is used for direct Television signals broadcasting from large earth stations. And third is MSS (Mobile Satellite Services), which is used to provide mobile communication services to different stations on earth. In the year 1976, Mobile Satellite Communication was started by Communications Satellite Corporation (COMSAT), which is a US based company belonging to the field of telecommunications. The communication satellites launched by them were called MARISAT (Maritime Satellites) and later an International Maritime Satellite organization (INMARSAT) was formed which now provides Mobile Satellite Communication Services [1]. Earlier satellite communication used to take place by routing calls and information from public landline to an earth station first, and then forwarding them to the satellite. But now mobile communication can take place directly between a satellite and a station or handset on earth. This entire phenomenon fantastically sounds simple but there can be few problems as well in using satellites for mobile communications. For instance, keeping the satellite in its orbit is not an easy task. The orbital motion does not depend only upon the earth’s gravitational pull. When a satellite is in its orbit, its orbit is also affected by the presence of other bodies such as the Moon and Sun. You read "Mobile Communication Satellite Systems" in category "Essay examples" Moreover, our earth is not a perfect sphere so its own gravitational force on a satellite can vary at different locations and the Moon and Sun have their own gravitational forces as well that affects the path of a satellite. Under all these circumstances, satellites do drift from their original path which needs to be adjusted in order to keep the satellite on track. To transmit and receive signals, these telecommunication satellites have a number of antennas to receive signals from one mobile earth station and transmit it to one or more mobile earth station. There is a Doppler Shift as well in the transmitted signal which occurs because of the movement of the satellite and rotation of the earth about its own axis. Mobile communication satellite systems can provide services to those areas that cannot get services from networks on earth. These systems can be of three possible forms [2]. First is that a direct link to the gateway of satellite station can be given to a mobile earth station to connect to the network. Second is that a mobile earth station can be connected to a translator station through a radio link which is responsible to transmit the data from a mobile earth station to the gateway station through a satellite link. In the third type of mobile communication satellite system again a direct link can be provided to a mobile earth station but a dedicated satellite system would be required for this purpose. Different frequency bands are allocated to the satellites to perform mobile communication. Mostly used frequency bands are L-Band, C-Band, Ka-Band and Ku-Band. L-Band has the uplink frequency of 1.6 GHz and a downlink frequency of 1.5 GHz for commercial mobile satellite services (MSS). The long wavelength of this band allows it penetrate building structures and also get least affected by rain. Therefore, less powerful antenna transmitters are required. C-Band has the uplink frequency of 6 GHz and a downlink frequency of 4 GHz. Ka-Band uplink and downlink frequencies are 30 GHz and 20 GHz respectively for commercial use of mobile satellite mobile services and 44 GHz and 20 GHz of uplink and downlink frequencies for military use. This band has very large spectrum and high bandwidths available. But due to short wavelengths, it is largely affected by rain. Therefore, to increase the signal power very high power transmitters are required. On the other hand, Ku-Band has the medium range of frequencies. The uplink frequency is 14 GHz and downlink frequency is 12 GHz for fixed commercial use. Due to medium wavelengths, its signals can also penetrate many structures and are still able to provide high bandwidths but still they are affected by rain. As the earth terrestrial networks, satellites are also required to serve a number of users simultaneously. So at a time when millions of users are accessing satellite services there is a need to have some sort of mechanism to differentiate and secure each user’s transmission. For this purpose, there are a number of multiple access schemes of which the three most commonly used are TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access), FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access) and CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access). In TDMA, there are different time slots. Each mobile earth station transmits its data in chunks in a specific time slot at the same frequency. So the data of each user is differentiated in different time slots. In FDMA, different frequency bands are allocated to different users for both the uplink and downlink channels. However, TDMA is a better because of its lower distortions of inter-modulation. In FDMA, downlink bandwidth is divided among a number of users whereas in TDMA full downlink bandwidth is available to all users during a specific time slot allocated. Also in FDMA, we may have to decrease transponder power by one half to minimize the distortion due to inter-modulation. The third most commonly used multiple access scheme CDMA has no restrictions as in TDMA and FDMA. Each user can transmit its data at any time and can also use the same frequency bandwidth. In CDMA, each mobile earth station’s transmission is separated by a unique code. Signals transmission are separated by using spread spectrum technology that is why CDMA is also called Spread spectrum Multiple Access. Spread spectrum scheme assigns to each mobile station a unique code to generate a pseudorandom sequence to separate signals transmission and to spread the transmission across the whole bandwidth available from the satellite. When the signals transmission arrives at the receiver, it can be extracted by using the same sequence generated initially. The only limitation of the CDMA scheme is that it is very expensive to implement and can support a very limited number of mobile earth stations at a time. As the science has advanced in technology, there are a number of mobile communication satellite systems now. Now we have a look at the different mobile communications satellite systems that exist today. These mobile communication satellite systems are divided into three groups namely: Geo-Stationary Systems, Big Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Systems and little Low Earth Orbit Systems. In Geo-stationary systems, INMARSAT and MSAT are the two satellite systems that we have. In Big LEO systems we have IRIDIUM, ARIES, ELLIPSO and ODYSSEY satellite systems. For little LEO systems we have LEOSAT, STARNET, ORBCOMM, and VITASAT satellite systems. Of these satellite systems, International Maritime Satellite (INMARSAT) System is a very well known global mobile satellite telecommunication system. These satellite systems are connected to PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Networks) and they provide connectivity and communication services to a mobile earth station all over the world. Which means a user with a satellite mobile handset connected to the INMARSAT satellite system can receive services while roaming in any part of the world without being dependent on local terrestrial public networks. So a satellite connection proves to be really helpful in case something goes wrong with the terrestrial network such as a natural disaster etc. INMARSAT is running its operation on four geo stationary satellites providing global coverage namely: INMARSAT-A, INMARSAT-M, INMARSAT-B and INMARSAT-C. High quality telephone, fax and high speed data services are provided by INMARSAT-A satellite system. In addition to dialling to a telephone or fax number directly, it can also provide image and video transmission services. INMARSAT-M provide services at a much cheaper rate as compared to INMARSAT-A. It has a fully digital and portable terminal to provide high quality cellular voice and data transmission services. Additional functionalities are added in INMARSAT-B satellite system compared to INMARSAT-A at a much lower charges. Along with new services, it provides very high quality voice services and very high data rates with a scope to increase them further in future. INMARSAT-C comes as a low cost communication system with a light weight terminal powered by a battery. It comes with a small personal computer to communicate with the network headquarter whenever needed. The following Figure 4 shows the statistics of the INMARSAT satellite systems all over the world [3]. Figure 4: INMARSAT Satellite System Coverage and Service Providers [3] Iridium Satellite System was proposed and developed by the Motorola Company in collaboration with a few other companies. This satellite has been purchase by the Iridium, Inc Company. In this satellite system, satellites are set into orbits in 6 different polar orbital planes with a total of 72 satellites at about 780 km above the earth surface [4]. Satellites are divided into groups of 11 with equal distance among them. These are all Low Earth Orbit Satellites. L-Band frequency band is used by mobile earth stations to access satellite link using TDMA or FDMA schemes. Access of the mobile stations need to be synchronized to enable them to transmit and receive in the same time frame slot. Each satellite can handle more than 1000 calls at a time. All the satellites can route traffic to each other as well. This satellite system is designed in such a way that global coverage is achieved and gateway stations, which need to be connected to public switched telephone network on earth, requir ed are less in number. Two other LEO satellites systems are ARIES and ELLIPSO which are set into circular orbits above the equator to provide low cost services. Another very well known satellite system is GLOBALSTAR system which provided full global connectivity. This system consists of 48 satellites divided into groups of 6. These satellites are set into orbit in eight different planes at 1414 km above the earth surface and are inclined at 45degrees and 135degrees to the equator. There is no exchange of data among these satellites as in the Iridium System. Therefore, a mobile earth station can only get access to the satellite link when the satellite has a line of sight path to the gateway earth station. Mobile stations can access the satellite using L-Band frequency band. Code division Multiple Access (CDMA) scheme is used to separate transmission of each mobile station. Six spot beams are used to cover the same geographical area on earth as is required by the Iridium satellite system. Satellites in GLOBALSTAR system complete their lifecycle between 5 to 15 years. OrbComm launched its first two satellites in 1995. This satellite system is capable of providing remote monitoring and mobile tracking along with many other commercial services. OrbComm also contains 48 satellites which are in Low Earth Orbits. Access by mobile earth stations to these satellites is made on VHF (very high Frequency) band. The uplink band is 148 MHz to 150 MHz and the downlink band is between 137 MHZ to 138 MHz. Signal and data transmitted from the satellites are not directly forwarded to hand held devices first, rather they are first diverted to the gateway station on earth or public switched telephone network and then they are forwarded to mobile handsets. Satellites in this system have a lifecycle of about four years. Intermediate Circular Orbit (ICO) satellite system consists of ten satellites with the help of which it can provide full global coverage. These satellites are divided into groups of five into two orbital planes at about 10,355 km above the earth surface. They orbit the earth the earth in about 6 hours serving a geographical area on earth for 20 minutes. Each satellite in the Intermediate Circular orbit can provide up to 4500 channels for voice data traffic and access to these channels is made secure and reliable by using the Code Division Multiple Accessing (CDMA) scheme. The terminals ICO systems are capable of supporting dual mode which means that they can operate with satellite and as well as public switched telephone networks. In this entire scenario, each type of satellite system has its own advantages and disadvantages. Geo-Stationary satellites can be useful for one form of mobile communication but in some scenarios it may be more feasible to use Low Earth Orbit satellite system. Like with the help of three Geo-Stationary satellites we can provide almost full global coverage. As the satellites remain at the same point above the earth in Geo-Stationary system, the transmitters and receivers can have the fixed antenna positions without the need to keep track of the satellite which at times can become a very tedious task. Because they are located at about 36000 km above the earth, they are less affected by the atmosphere around the earth during its orbit making its life cycle greater than the other satellite systems. On the other hand, there are certain disadvantages of the Geo-Stationary system as well. Besides almost having no coverage at the north and south poles, one of the biggest problems in this sys tem is performing voice and data communication over these satellites. Because they are far away from earth’s surface, there is very high latency or delay in the transmission and reception which makes it unfeasible for voice traffic. And also because of its large distance from earth’s surface, very high power antennas are required for these satellites which consumes a significant battery power. Moreover, sending a satellite into a Geo-stationary orbit from earth is very expensive as compared to other Low Earth Orbit satellites. While with the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite systems, transmission rates of about 2.4 kbps can carry out voice data communication efficiently. Because these satellites are orbiting the earth at much lower altitude as compared to Geo-Stationary satellites, transmission power required for the antennas is much less which in turn saves the overall battery power consumed. And for the same reason, the delay or latency in the transmission is much less which can compete with the wired cable terrestrial networks on earth. Higher elevation of these satellites to the equator enables are better coverage at the north and south poles. And also because the geographical area covered by one satellite in LEO system is smaller; frequency reuse policy can be best utilized. On the other hand, the very obvious and possibly the one of the biggest problem with this satellite system is the need to have a large number of satellites to provide global coverage. As the satellites in this system do not stay at a fixed position over the earth surface, their serving time geographical is only about 10 to 15 minutes which require very complex antenna mechanism on earth to keep track of the satellites. Another disadvantage of having low earth orbits is the very short lifetime of a satellite. Friction from earth’s surrounding atmosphere can severely effect the lifetime of a satellite in LEO satellite system. If a satellite mobile user is roaming around the world, providing global connectivity to that user also require interconnectivity of these large number of satellites. Mobile Communication Satellite Systems are evolving very quickly in this era to keep pace with the increasing demand of communication globally. The trend is shifting towards the LEO satellite systems from the Geo-Stationary satellite systems because of very less latency delays in LEO systems as far as voice data communication is concerned. However, these satellite systems cannot fully replace the need of terrestrial networks because of these systems are still very expensive for an average user and not all countries of the world are developed enough to cope up with these satellites systems. References: [1] Handbook of Antennas in Wireless Communications, Chapter 2, Michael John Ryan, University of New South Wales [2] Requirements for a Mobile Communications Satellite System. Volume 1: Executive summary, Final Report, 15 Dec. 1981 – 31 Mar. 1983, TRW, Inc., Redondo Beach, CA. [3] The Use of Mobile Satellite Communications in Disaster Mitigation, Eugene I. Staffa, World Conference on Natural Disaster Reduction Technical Committee Session C [4] The Past, Present and Future of Satellite Communications, John V. Evans How to cite Mobile Communication Satellite Systems, Essay examples

Nurse as a Team Builder Sentence Outline

Abstract This paper will discuss teambuilding in nursing and how it affects the way nurses perform their roles in different healthcare settings. The journal article to be reviewed in this discussion uncovers more information about effective strategies that nurses need to use to network and share information with other healthcare professionals.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Nurse as a Team Builder Sentence Outline specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The article also reveals why healthcare administrators need to implement effective teamwork systems that encourage nurses to collaborate and share ideas. Barriers that make it difficult for workers to collaborate and share ideas will also be highlighted. This paper will show the importance of teambuilding in nursing and how it helps nurses offer quality care to their patients. Teams help organizations become more competitive in their operations in industries they operat e in. Nurse as a Team-Builder Sentence Outline Thesis Statement: In modern healthcare systems, healthcare services have become more specialized and this requires all nurses to collaborate and share knowledge to achieve good outcomes in their duties (Gonzalez Rotman, 2010, p. 2). Importance of Strong Structures and Defining a Team Strong Structures. Strong workplace structures make workers more focused which help them understand their responsibilities and organizational expectations they need to attain. Healthcare professionals need to be guided by clear workplace policies to help them attain good results in different tasks they are required to perform The issue of patient care and safety is very important in any healthcare environment. Effective relationships between nurses encourage them to share knowledge. As a result, they reduce unnecessary errors in their duties which helps them provide high quality care to their patients. All workplace barriers need to be eliminated to ens ure nurses are provided with good working conditions to make them provide high quality healthcare services to their patients. Definition of a Team A team can be described as a collection of people willing to share their skills, resources and ideas to achieve common goals, using a common approach which they are answerable to. A team is also a group of professionals who are mandated by their organizations to pool their collective efforts and ideas to enable them achieve positive outcomes out of various work processes. For a team to achieve good outcomes, all members need to be diligent to enable them attain their individual as well as collective goals. They need to make personal sacrifices to stay focused on various tasks they are expected to perform in their respective workstations. Teams are able to perform more tasks than individuals especially when members communicate with each other effectively. Members need to accommodate their ideological differences to ensure everyone is g iven a fair chance to participate in all processes that enable workplace teams to attain their goals. Meetings serve as important forums in which different team members decide on different agendas they intend to pursue to achieve good results. In meetings, members are able to discuss various issues that affect them and they are able to propose solutions to these issues to enable them achieve positive outcomes. Forming a Team Five Main Stages Forming: This involves people with common interests and goals coming together to discuss the specific agenda that makes them perform various tasks as a team. Storming: This is the stage where disputes between various members are likely to arise due to different competing interests. In some instances, some members may not be pleased with the direction the team is moving, especially when their ideas are not taken seriously. Norming: This is the stage when group members compromise and resolve their disputes. Afterwards, all members are able to unite and come up with an agreeable structure where all members are assigned specific roles they are required to perform. Performing: In this stage, all members collaborate to perform various tasks they have been assigned. All members work within the structure earlier established and they set targets and timelines in which they expect to accomplish them. Reforming: This is the stage when the team disbands after objectives that brought them together are accomplished. However in some instances, a team may disband even before it has attained the objectives it had set for itself at the onset if members fail to collaborate to achieve desired results. Important Elements A team needs a strong leader to help it execute its functions more effectively. A strong leader needs to help a team understand its vision and specific actions it needs to perform to achieve its objectives. A team needs to have specific goals and objectives to help it measure the success it has achieved out of various tasks. This helps members evaluate their contributions after a specific period of time to find out if their efforts satisfy their expectations. A team also needs adequate resources in form of time and money to help members perform all duties assigned to them more effectively. This makes members dedicate their efforts towards achieving set goals. A team also needs to understand the vision of the health institution its members work for. This helps all members to understand specific actions they need to do to achieve positive results. Teams need to allocate time for members to bond with one another to make them have a unity of purpose. This enables all nurses to share their experiences freely. Team Building Barriers and Team Relationships Barriers Gender differences are likely to have an impact on the way nurses perform their duties in a team setup. Differences in age are likely to affect how team members perform their responsibilities. Inadequate resources in form of time, materia ls and financial funds may make it difficult for team members to execute their functions. Unclear objectives make members not to have a clear focus about what they intend to do. Team Relationships Every individual needs to be given adequate resources to perform all responsibilities he or she has been assigned at work. Strong relationships allow nurses to identify their weaknesses to come up with proper solutions on how they need to solve them. Nurses who easily collaborate on various tasks are able to attain set targets easily. Strong team relationships also help nurses to acquire multi-disciplinary skills which make them perform various tasks in the healthcare settings more effectively. Networking, Sharing Knowledge Outcomes Importance of Networking Networking between different healthcare professionals occurs during meetings, events and conferences. These interactions enable healthcare workers to socialize and establish strong relationships with other professionals. Some un planned encounters between health professionals can also open up opportunities for future networking. Nurses working in different departments can also network and share knowledge related to different areas of their expertise. Sharing Knowledge Nurses need to share knowledge by socializing with their colleagues at work. They need to join professional nursing organizations to share their experiences with other caregivers working in different healthcare settings. Networking allows nurses to acquire new skills which are beneficial to their careers and their patients. Nurses can also network through electronic modes of communication such as the internet with other nurses in different healthcare settings in other parts of the world. Benefits and Outcomes Teamwork and networking helps nurses acquire multi disciplinary skills which make them more effective in their duties at work. This helps a healthcare institution to develop solutions to common problems it faces. Nurses who share information are able to build trust and confidence in each other. As a result, this helps them to grow and develop new capabilities to handle various challenges in their workstations. Organizations that encourage their nurses to network are able to develop strong synergies which help them deal with complex problems they are facing easily. Effective team building approaches make nurses more satisfied and committed to healthcare organizations they are working in. Conclusion Team building and networking helps all nurses acquire vital skills that make them offer quality healthcare services to their patients. Healthcare organizations need to improve working conditions for nurses to make them more competitive in their duties. They need to offer adequate resources to their employees to encourage them to form strong collaborations with their colleagues. Teambuilding can only succeed if nurses have clear objectives to make them more focused in their responsibilities. This will help them att ain good outcomes out of different activities they undertake. References Gonzalez, C.M., Rotman, S. (2010). Building blocks of teamwork: Effective strategies can reduce turnover rates, improve group cohesion and nurse satisfaction. The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 11(2), 2-10. Web.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This essay on Nurse as a Team Builder Sentence Outline was written and submitted by user Kas0n to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.